gem - User contributions [en]

2019 GEM-CEDAR Joint Workshop and GEM Workshop

2019-06-19T18:46:22Z

IvanVasko: /* [FG] BSH */

'''Detailed Schedule'''

Below is a detailed session schedule for the 2019 GEM Summer Workshop. The schedule of the Joint GEM-CEDAR Workshop on June 22 can be found in the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/13tgjUAhRmpw7kK1W08p7ntRbYQhURdlAVB3JSH1MN-I/edit?usp=sharing Google Doc].

In this page, the tentative speakers and titles in Focus Group sessions are provided by Focus Group Leaders, and other information is taken from the [https://gemworkshop.org/ Workshop Coordinator Website]. Due to the dynamic nature of the Workshop, Focus Groups may continue to revise their session agenda as needed.

'''Poster Sessions''' will be held during 17:00 - 20:00 on Tuesday and Thursday. Poster titles can be found in the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page at the Workshop Coordinator website.

All other information about the 2019 GEM Summer Workshop can be found at the [https://gemworkshop.org/ GEM Workshop Coordinator website].

== Monday, June 24 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''Welcome/Intro''': ''J. Bortnik, P. Cassak, R. Millan''

* '''RA MIC Tutorial''': ''W. Li''

* '''RAC SWMI Tutorial''': ''K. Goodrich''

* '''NSF REU Program''': ''D. Baker''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

# Olga Verkhoglyadova: Summary of CEDAR MIT coupling efforts
# Hyunju Connor: Relation between reconnection and cross polar cap potential during the sudden enhancement of solar wind pressure; SMILE mission for the MIT coupling study.
# Doga Ozturk: What is the role of meso-scale electric fields in M-I-T Coupling?
# Kevin Pham: CMIT model
# Dong Wei: The magnetospheric driving source of double-peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs): Double ring current pressure peak
# Qianli Ma: diffusion coefficients due to chorus waves and electron precipitation features
# Dmytro Sydorenko: Development of a photoelectron effects module for a comprehensive model of coupled ionosphere and magnetosphere

==== [FG] MMV ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [FG] BSH ====
# Steve Schwartz (Tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Li-Jen Chen (Quasi-potential fields or not: MMS perspectives)
# Jonathan Ng (Simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang (Reconnection in the shock transition region)

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1200 - 1230: LWS Discussion ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

# Christine Garbrielse: Storm Time Mesoscale Plasma Flows in the Nightside High‐Latitude Ionosphere
# Jiang Liu: SWARM & DMSP observations of the eastward plasma flows in the dawnside ionosphere and their comparison with THEMIS ASI observations.
# Ying Zou: effects of substorms in high-latitude upper thermospheric winds
# Sebastijan Mrak : Storm-time MI-coupling at mid-latitudes: Highly structured plasmapause boundary layer
# Brian Anderson: Observed GIC Events in the Pacific Northwest and Corresponding Ionospheric Electrodynamics: Beyond Substorms as the Dominant Cause of GICs
# Denny Oliveira: A historical finding of a sporadic aurora sighting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 15 Feb 1875
# Colby Lemon: Role of ion precipitation in plasmasphere erosion

==== [FG] BSH ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)
# Anton Artemyev (Nonlinear wave-particle interaction in application to bow shock physics)
# Terry Liu (Particle acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves)

==== [Joint] TAIL/MMV ====

Location: New Mexico room

1. '''Natalia Ganjushkina''', "Magnetotail structure inferred from observations of isotropic boundaries at NOAA satellites and global MHD modeling"

2. '''Modeling challenge''': An event (06-11 UT of 2017-07-09) will be presented and dicussed to understand the global response of the tail, from near-Earth to mid-tail, and the ionosphere to an IMF southward turning, and an IMF northward turning. This is an midnight conjunction of ERG (r < 5), GOES, Geotail (X = -11), MMS (X = -23), and ARTEMIS (X = -63). The observations will be compared with the BATS-R-US, OpenGGCM, and LFM runs conducted on NASA CCMC. The global models will be compared with ionosphere observations/empirical models, including SuperDARN, Ovation Prime, AMPERE, equivalent current, and ground magnetometers.

Tail (Chih-Ping Wang)

SuperDARN (Xueling Shi)

Ovation Prime (Betsey Mitchell)

AMPERE (Brian Anderson, Sarah Vines)

Spheric elementary current (James Weygand)

==== [FG] GBMAB ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IHMIC ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North
* Denny Oliveira: Asymmetric satellite orbital drag effects during magnetic storms
* Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
* Brain Anderson: Update on simultaneous northern and southern hemisphere measures of latitudes and intensities of Birkeland currents from AMPERE
* Shini Ohtani: Dependence of the auroral electrojet intensity on the solar illumination and dipole tilt
* Christine Gabrielse: The difference between meso-scale flow speeds between summer and winter hemispheres
* Tetsuo Motoba: Interhemispheric behaviors during the ULF challenge event ????
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

==== [Joint] UMEA/MMV ====

Location: New Mexico
*Mike Hartinger, FG updates
*Lutz Rastaetter, ULF wave modeling challenge
*Maulik Patel, MHD test particle simulations of the 16 July 2017 shock compression of the dayside magnetopause
*Tetsuo Motoba, High-time resolution SuperMAG ULF data products
*Bob McPherron, Pi 2 pulsations during the storm of May 27-29 2017, The Statistics of Pi 2 Pulsation Occurrence during a Major Magnetic Storm
*Dong Lin, LFM simulations of surface waves during challenge event

==== Python ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1700-1800: Town Hall - Decadal midterm assessment ===

== Tuesday, June 25 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

'''Agency Talks'''

* NSF GS: M. Wiltberger
* NSF GEO: L. Winter
* NASA: M. Kessel
* NOAA: H. Singer
* Air Force: J. McCollough
* CSSP: H. Singer, T. Pulkkinen

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [Joint] IHMIC/MAPS ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom
* Toshi Nishimura: Magnetospheric source and inter-hemispheric conjugacy of STEVE arc
* Larry Lyons: Flow channel interaction with substorm onset and expansion phase dynamics
* Anders Ohma: How asymmetries in geospace evolve during increased tail reconnection
* Mike Hartinger: Possible experiments/observational campaigns to explore IH asymmetries during the upcoming 2020/2021 southern hemisphere solar eclipses
* Shane Coyle: An experimental approach to inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response of magnetospheric ULF waves
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: New Mexico

1. Chairs: Introduction of New Focus Group

2. Seth Claudepierre: Recent Advances and Open Questions in Radiation Belt Studies

3. Wen Li: Review and Challenges of Multi-Point Measurements to Radiation Belt Modeling

4. Open Discussions

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1200 - 1230: CCMC Report ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

1. Precipitation Conjunction Events

Mykhaylo Shumko and Ashley Greeley: Precipitation Conjunction Events Overview

Nithin Sivadas: Optical Signatures of the Radiation Belt Boundary

Wen Li: Direct Observation of Sub-Relativistic Electron Precipitation Driven by EMIC Waves

Questions and Discussions

2. Close Conjunction Events

Drew Turner and Ian Cohen: Close Conjunction Events between Van Allen Probes, MMS, and ARASE

Justin Lee: EMIC wave activity during MMS-RBSP Close Conjunctions

Questions and Discussions

3. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Particles

Geoff Reeves: Identifying the Magnitude and Occurrence Frequency of Radiation Belt Enhancement Events

Maulik Patel: Simulations using LFM and Test Particle Code to Reproduce Drift Echoes

Seth Claudiepierre: Electron Lifetimes from RBSP Observations and Comparison with Theoretical Estimates due to Pitch Angle Diffusion by Various Wave Modes

Sasha Drozdov: Depletion of Multi-MeV Electrons

Questions and Discussions

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Turbulence ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] MMV/IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# Overview from the CEDAR conductance challenge on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Shin Ohtani: Solar zenith angle dependence of the auroral electrojets and its impact on conductance.
# Toshi Nishimura: Ionospheric conductance observations of the 17 March 2013 event
# Doga Ozturk: GTIM empirical results.
# Gang Lu: AMIE results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Bob Robinson: The 17 Mar 2013 storm results from a new empirical ionospheric electrodynamics model
# Hyunju Connor: OpenGGCM results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Kevin Pham: CMIT-IPWM results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Agnit Mukhopadhya: BATSRUS results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Magaret Chen: Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Electron Precipitation Dynamics and Conductance during the 17 March 2013 Storm

See session description at the [http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_3D_Ionospheric_Electrodynamics_and_Its_Impact_on_the_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere_Coupled_System#2019_GEM_Workshop_-_updated_on_Jun_17.2C_2019 FG page].

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Turbulence ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1700-2000: Poster Session ===

Please visit the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page for details.

== Wednesday, June 26 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''RA GSM Tutorial''': ''J. Burch''

* '''MMV Tutorial''': ''K. Garcia-Sage''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

==== [FG] MAPS ====

Location: New Mexico

General substorm session
* '''Kyle Murphy''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Toshi Nishimura''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Bea Gallardo-Lacourt (by Murphy)''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Jiang Liu''' Ionosphere flows during substorms
* '''Larry Lyons''' Substorm precursors and expansion phase activity
* '''Nithin Sivadas''' Energetic electron precipitation
<br>

==== [Joint] UMEA/DAYS/IHMIC ====

Location: Santa Fe

* Tom Elsden - ''Session introduction and goals''

* Ferdinand Plaschke - ''An overview of dayside transients causing ULF waves''

* Tom Elsden - ''3D ULF wave modeling with MHD''

* Boyi Wang - ''A statistical investigation of the role of magnetosheath high-speed jets in triggering magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves''

* Bob Lysak - ''Ionospheric asymmetries and quarter-wave modes''

* Xueling Shi - ''Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF''

* Michael Hartinger - ''Localized magnetopause surface wave activity and modeling challenges''

* Discussion

=== 1200 - 1230: URM Event ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] DAYS/BSH ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

* Andrew Dimmock - ''Introduction''

* Ian Cohen - ''High-resolution measurements of the cross-shock potential, ion reflection, and electron heating at an interplanetary shock by MMS''

* Xin An - ''Formation of foreshock transients and associated secondary shocks''

* Yann Pfau-Kempf - ''Transmission of foreshock ULF waves to the magnetosheath''

* Misha Balikhin - ''Nonstationarity of the quasi-perpendicular bow shock''

* Heli Hietala - ''Global 3D hybrid simulations of magnetosheath jets''

* Terry Liu - ''Statistical study of magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves''

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: New Mexico

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] UMEA/IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# (Invited) Boyi Wang: Ionospheric modulation by Pc5 ULF waves and wave structure detected by PFISR
# (Invited) Xiaojia Zhang / Anton Artemyev: ULF modulation of VLF waves and precipitation
# Doga Ozturk: Update from GEM/CEDAR joint session, PFISR E/ground magnetometer comparisons
# Anatoly Streltsov: Effects of Hall conductivity on generation of ULF waves in magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions
# Mergen Aligabetov: ULF waves observed in space and on the ground at high and low latitudes
# Mark Engebretson: Multi-Instrument Observations of Nighttime Impulsive Magnetic Events
# Bob Lysak: Modeling ionospheric conductance and ground magnetic fields
# Yan Song: ULF wave, M-I coupling and Auroral formation.

==== [Joint] MMS: Bowshock ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Inner M'sphere ====

Location: Santa Fe

== Thursday, June 27 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''RA MPS Tutorial''': ''A. Runov''

* '''RA IMAG Tutorial''': ''H. Zhao''

* '''Mission/Modeling''': ''M. Gkioulidou, T. Nishimura''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] Rx ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

==== [Joint] UMEA/RB ====

Location: New Mexico
*Robert Allen, Outer magnetospheric EMIC wave source regions characterized by Cluster
*Sarah Vines, EMIC waves in the outer magnetosphere: Observations of an off-equator source region
*Justin Lee, EMIC wave observations by MMS
*Chao Yue, The relationship between EMIC wave properties and proton distributions based on Van Allen Probes observations
*Kristine Sigsbee, Simultaneous EMIC Wave Observations During a Van Allen Probes Conjunction
*Yuri Shprits, Dips in PSD and how they are related to EMIC wave scattering
*Richard Denton, Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the dipole magnetosphere and pitch angle scattering of sub-MeV relativistic electrons by those waves
*Qianli Ma, Pitch angle scattering of radiation belt electrons due to statistical EMIC wave spectra
*Hyomin Kim, TBD

==== SPEDAS ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [Joint] MAPS/DIP ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] RX/DAYS ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

* Katariina Nykyri - ''MMS observations of the formation and properties of high-latitude diamagnetic cavities''

* Brian Walsh - ''Cubesat mission to study magnetic reconnection''

* Xuanye Ma - ''Comparison between fluid simulation with test particles and hybrid simulation for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability''

* Karlheinz Trattner - ''Elongated Dayside X-lines''

* Marcos Sylveira - ''Flux transfer events observed in the dayside magnetopause by MMS mission''

* Andrew Dimmock - ''The SMILE SXI instrument: a global imager for solar wind - dayside interactions''

==== [FG] UMEA ====

Location: New Mexico
*Matina Gkioulidou/Seth Claudepierre, RBSP HGSO coordination
*Sarah Vines, Determining EMIC wave vector properties through multi-point measurements: The wave curl analysis
*Larry Kepko, Solar wind driven ULF waves
*Aaron Breneman, BARREL precipitation during solar wind driven ULF wave events
*Anatoly Streltsov, ULF waves near the plasmapause
*Mohammad Barani, Estimating the Azimuthal Mode Structure of ULF Waves Based on Multiple GOES Satellite Observations
*Kazue Takahashi, L versus time structures of ground magnetic pulsations
*Chih-Ping Wang, Earthward propagation of Pi2 waves

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] TAIL ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

1.'''Anton Artemyev,''' Multicomponent ion population in the magnetotail

2. '''Sasha Lukin (presented by Anton),''' Plasma populations around the distant equatorial magnetopause: indication on selective mechanism of ion and electron transport

2. '''Olivier Le Contel,''' MMS/cluster joint observations during PSBL crossings

3. '''Jiang Liu,''' Field-aligned current carriers in the magnetotail

4. '''San Lu,''' Reconnection in polarized thin current sheet

5. '''Chih-Ping Wang,''' Firehose instability within the recoonection exhaust observed in mid-tail

==== [FG] UMEA ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South
*Xuzhi Zhou, Acceleration of relativistic electrons by global-scale ULF waves
*Tomotsugu Yamakawa, Simulation of the excitation of storm-time Pc5 ULF waves by ring current ions based on the drift-kinetic model
*Maulik Patel, Simulation of prompt acceleration of radiation belt electrons during the 16 July 2017 storm
*Frank Toffoletto, Buoyancy Waves (TBD)
*Peter Chi, Observations of High-m Poloidal Waves along Magnetospheric Field Lines
*Mike Hartinger, Observations of wave-particle interactions using MagEIS ultra-high resolution energy channels
*Jiang Liu, Ultralow Frequency Waves Deep Inside the Inner Magnetosphere Driven by Dipolarizing Flux Bundles, and their interaction with electrons

==== [Joint] MMS: SPEDAS ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] DAYS/MMV ====

Location: Santa Fe

* Heli Hietala - ''Challenge progress summary''

* Sarah Vines - ''MMS observations during southward IMF: recap and update''

* Karlheinz Trattner - ''Maximum shear model results''

* Zhifang Guo - ''Global 3D hybrid simulation results''

* Marcos Silveira - Magnetopause transients seen in the challenge event: MMS vs MHD-EPIC comparison

* Discussion - including Special Issue manuscript coordination

=== 1700-2000: Poster Session ===

Please visit the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page for details.

== Friday, June 28 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''Students Awards, Student Invited Tutorial''': ''M. Argall''

* '''Mission/Modeling''': ''J. Sample''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] TAIL ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

This is the final year for Tail Environment FG, we will summary the major findings from this FG. We will discuss how we will proceed to maintain the discussion platform for the magnetotail physics in GEM community, including a proposal for a new FG.

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: New Mexico

1. General Contributions: Inner Belt and Slot Region

Xinlin Li: Source and Loss of Inner Belt Protons (10s of MeV) and Their Solar Cycle Variations Based on Multi-Point Measurements and Analysis

Kun Zhang: Long-Term Variations of the Inner Belt Electrons

Zheng Xiang: On Trapped Electron Dynamics in Earth's Inner Radiation Belt due to Atmospheric Scattering Loss and Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay (CRAND) as the Source

Man Hua: Modeling Electron Acceleration and Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions in the Earth's Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region

Questions and Discussions

2. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Waves

Dave Hartley: The Angular Distribution of Chorus Waves and the Role of Plumes in the Chorus-to-Hiss Mechanism

Xin An: Nonlinear Wave Structures Driven by Whistler Waves

Shangchun Teng: Typical Characteristics of Whistler Mode Waves Categorized by Their Spectral Properties Using Van Allen Probes Observations

Homayon Aryan: Discrete Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves Observed by Cluster

Oleksiy Agapitov: TBD

Questions and Discussions

3. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Modeling Method

Anthony Chan: A New Technique for Radiation Belt Modeling: Theory

Scot Elkington: A New Technique for Radiation Belt Modeling: Results

Yihua Zheng: Model Validation

Questions and Discussions

2019 GEM-CEDAR Joint Workshop and GEM Workshop

2019-06-19T18:46:01Z

IvanVasko: /* [FG] BSH */

'''Detailed Schedule'''

Below is a detailed session schedule for the 2019 GEM Summer Workshop. The schedule of the Joint GEM-CEDAR Workshop on June 22 can be found in the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/13tgjUAhRmpw7kK1W08p7ntRbYQhURdlAVB3JSH1MN-I/edit?usp=sharing Google Doc].

In this page, the tentative speakers and titles in Focus Group sessions are provided by Focus Group Leaders, and other information is taken from the [https://gemworkshop.org/ Workshop Coordinator Website]. Due to the dynamic nature of the Workshop, Focus Groups may continue to revise their session agenda as needed.

'''Poster Sessions''' will be held during 17:00 - 20:00 on Tuesday and Thursday. Poster titles can be found in the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page at the Workshop Coordinator website.

All other information about the 2019 GEM Summer Workshop can be found at the [https://gemworkshop.org/ GEM Workshop Coordinator website].

== Monday, June 24 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''Welcome/Intro''': ''J. Bortnik, P. Cassak, R. Millan''

* '''RA MIC Tutorial''': ''W. Li''

* '''RAC SWMI Tutorial''': ''K. Goodrich''

* '''NSF REU Program''': ''D. Baker''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

# Olga Verkhoglyadova: Summary of CEDAR MIT coupling efforts
# Hyunju Connor: Relation between reconnection and cross polar cap potential during the sudden enhancement of solar wind pressure; SMILE mission for the MIT coupling study.
# Doga Ozturk: What is the role of meso-scale electric fields in M-I-T Coupling?
# Kevin Pham: CMIT model
# Dong Wei: The magnetospheric driving source of double-peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs): Double ring current pressure peak
# Qianli Ma: diffusion coefficients due to chorus waves and electron precipitation features
# Dmytro Sydorenko: Development of a photoelectron effects module for a comprehensive model of coupled ionosphere and magnetosphere

==== [FG] MMV ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [FG] BSH ====
# Steve Schwartz (Tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Li-Jen Chen (Quasi-potential fields or not: MMS perspectives)
# Jonathan Ng (Simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang (Reconnection in the shock transition region)

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1200 - 1230: LWS Discussion ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

# Christine Garbrielse: Storm Time Mesoscale Plasma Flows in the Nightside High‐Latitude Ionosphere
# Jiang Liu: SWARM & DMSP observations of the eastward plasma flows in the dawnside ionosphere and their comparison with THEMIS ASI observations.
# Ying Zou: effects of substorms in high-latitude upper thermospheric winds
# Sebastijan Mrak : Storm-time MI-coupling at mid-latitudes: Highly structured plasmapause boundary layer
# Brian Anderson: Observed GIC Events in the Pacific Northwest and Corresponding Ionospheric Electrodynamics: Beyond Substorms as the Dominant Cause of GICs
# Denny Oliveira: A historical finding of a sporadic aurora sighting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 15 Feb 1875
# Colby Lemon: Role of ion precipitation in plasmasphere erosion

==== [FG] BSH ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

==== [Joint] TAIL/MMV ====

Location: New Mexico room

1. '''Natalia Ganjushkina''', "Magnetotail structure inferred from observations of isotropic boundaries at NOAA satellites and global MHD modeling"

2. '''Modeling challenge''': An event (06-11 UT of 2017-07-09) will be presented and dicussed to understand the global response of the tail, from near-Earth to mid-tail, and the ionosphere to an IMF southward turning, and an IMF northward turning. This is an midnight conjunction of ERG (r < 5), GOES, Geotail (X = -11), MMS (X = -23), and ARTEMIS (X = -63). The observations will be compared with the BATS-R-US, OpenGGCM, and LFM runs conducted on NASA CCMC. The global models will be compared with ionosphere observations/empirical models, including SuperDARN, Ovation Prime, AMPERE, equivalent current, and ground magnetometers.

Tail (Chih-Ping Wang)

SuperDARN (Xueling Shi)

Ovation Prime (Betsey Mitchell)

AMPERE (Brian Anderson, Sarah Vines)

Spheric elementary current (James Weygand)

==== [FG] GBMAB ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IHMIC ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North
* Denny Oliveira: Asymmetric satellite orbital drag effects during magnetic storms
* Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
* Brain Anderson: Update on simultaneous northern and southern hemisphere measures of latitudes and intensities of Birkeland currents from AMPERE
* Shini Ohtani: Dependence of the auroral electrojet intensity on the solar illumination and dipole tilt
* Christine Gabrielse: The difference between meso-scale flow speeds between summer and winter hemispheres
* Tetsuo Motoba: Interhemispheric behaviors during the ULF challenge event ????
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

==== [Joint] UMEA/MMV ====

Location: New Mexico
*Mike Hartinger, FG updates
*Lutz Rastaetter, ULF wave modeling challenge
*Maulik Patel, MHD test particle simulations of the 16 July 2017 shock compression of the dayside magnetopause
*Tetsuo Motoba, High-time resolution SuperMAG ULF data products
*Bob McPherron, Pi 2 pulsations during the storm of May 27-29 2017, The Statistics of Pi 2 Pulsation Occurrence during a Major Magnetic Storm
*Dong Lin, LFM simulations of surface waves during challenge event

==== Python ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1700-1800: Town Hall - Decadal midterm assessment ===

== Tuesday, June 25 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

'''Agency Talks'''

* NSF GS: M. Wiltberger
* NSF GEO: L. Winter
* NASA: M. Kessel
* NOAA: H. Singer
* Air Force: J. McCollough
* CSSP: H. Singer, T. Pulkkinen

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [Joint] IHMIC/MAPS ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom
* Toshi Nishimura: Magnetospheric source and inter-hemispheric conjugacy of STEVE arc
* Larry Lyons: Flow channel interaction with substorm onset and expansion phase dynamics
* Anders Ohma: How asymmetries in geospace evolve during increased tail reconnection
* Mike Hartinger: Possible experiments/observational campaigns to explore IH asymmetries during the upcoming 2020/2021 southern hemisphere solar eclipses
* Shane Coyle: An experimental approach to inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response of magnetospheric ULF waves
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: New Mexico

1. Chairs: Introduction of New Focus Group

2. Seth Claudepierre: Recent Advances and Open Questions in Radiation Belt Studies

3. Wen Li: Review and Challenges of Multi-Point Measurements to Radiation Belt Modeling

4. Open Discussions

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1200 - 1230: CCMC Report ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

1. Precipitation Conjunction Events

Mykhaylo Shumko and Ashley Greeley: Precipitation Conjunction Events Overview

Nithin Sivadas: Optical Signatures of the Radiation Belt Boundary

Wen Li: Direct Observation of Sub-Relativistic Electron Precipitation Driven by EMIC Waves

Questions and Discussions

2. Close Conjunction Events

Drew Turner and Ian Cohen: Close Conjunction Events between Van Allen Probes, MMS, and ARASE

Justin Lee: EMIC wave activity during MMS-RBSP Close Conjunctions

Questions and Discussions

3. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Particles

Geoff Reeves: Identifying the Magnitude and Occurrence Frequency of Radiation Belt Enhancement Events

Maulik Patel: Simulations using LFM and Test Particle Code to Reproduce Drift Echoes

Seth Claudiepierre: Electron Lifetimes from RBSP Observations and Comparison with Theoretical Estimates due to Pitch Angle Diffusion by Various Wave Modes

Sasha Drozdov: Depletion of Multi-MeV Electrons

Questions and Discussions

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Turbulence ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] MMV/IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# Overview from the CEDAR conductance challenge on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Shin Ohtani: Solar zenith angle dependence of the auroral electrojets and its impact on conductance.
# Toshi Nishimura: Ionospheric conductance observations of the 17 March 2013 event
# Doga Ozturk: GTIM empirical results.
# Gang Lu: AMIE results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Bob Robinson: The 17 Mar 2013 storm results from a new empirical ionospheric electrodynamics model
# Hyunju Connor: OpenGGCM results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Kevin Pham: CMIT-IPWM results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Agnit Mukhopadhya: BATSRUS results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Magaret Chen: Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Electron Precipitation Dynamics and Conductance during the 17 March 2013 Storm

See session description at the [http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_3D_Ionospheric_Electrodynamics_and_Its_Impact_on_the_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere_Coupled_System#2019_GEM_Workshop_-_updated_on_Jun_17.2C_2019 FG page].

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Turbulence ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1700-2000: Poster Session ===

Please visit the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page for details.

== Wednesday, June 26 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''RA GSM Tutorial''': ''J. Burch''

* '''MMV Tutorial''': ''K. Garcia-Sage''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

==== [FG] MAPS ====

Location: New Mexico

General substorm session
* '''Kyle Murphy''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Toshi Nishimura''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Bea Gallardo-Lacourt (by Murphy)''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Jiang Liu''' Ionosphere flows during substorms
* '''Larry Lyons''' Substorm precursors and expansion phase activity
* '''Nithin Sivadas''' Energetic electron precipitation
<br>

==== [Joint] UMEA/DAYS/IHMIC ====

Location: Santa Fe

* Tom Elsden - ''Session introduction and goals''

* Ferdinand Plaschke - ''An overview of dayside transients causing ULF waves''

* Tom Elsden - ''3D ULF wave modeling with MHD''

* Boyi Wang - ''A statistical investigation of the role of magnetosheath high-speed jets in triggering magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves''

* Bob Lysak - ''Ionospheric asymmetries and quarter-wave modes''

* Xueling Shi - ''Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF''

* Michael Hartinger - ''Localized magnetopause surface wave activity and modeling challenges''

* Discussion

=== 1200 - 1230: URM Event ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] DAYS/BSH ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

* Andrew Dimmock - ''Introduction''

* Ian Cohen - ''High-resolution measurements of the cross-shock potential, ion reflection, and electron heating at an interplanetary shock by MMS''

* Xin An - ''Formation of foreshock transients and associated secondary shocks''

* Yann Pfau-Kempf - ''Transmission of foreshock ULF waves to the magnetosheath''

* Misha Balikhin - ''Nonstationarity of the quasi-perpendicular bow shock''

* Heli Hietala - ''Global 3D hybrid simulations of magnetosheath jets''

* Terry Liu - ''Statistical study of magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves''

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: New Mexico

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] UMEA/IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# (Invited) Boyi Wang: Ionospheric modulation by Pc5 ULF waves and wave structure detected by PFISR
# (Invited) Xiaojia Zhang / Anton Artemyev: ULF modulation of VLF waves and precipitation
# Doga Ozturk: Update from GEM/CEDAR joint session, PFISR E/ground magnetometer comparisons
# Anatoly Streltsov: Effects of Hall conductivity on generation of ULF waves in magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions
# Mergen Aligabetov: ULF waves observed in space and on the ground at high and low latitudes
# Mark Engebretson: Multi-Instrument Observations of Nighttime Impulsive Magnetic Events
# Bob Lysak: Modeling ionospheric conductance and ground magnetic fields
# Yan Song: ULF wave, M-I coupling and Auroral formation.

==== [Joint] MMS: Bowshock ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Inner M'sphere ====

Location: Santa Fe

== Thursday, June 27 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''RA MPS Tutorial''': ''A. Runov''

* '''RA IMAG Tutorial''': ''H. Zhao''

* '''Mission/Modeling''': ''M. Gkioulidou, T. Nishimura''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] Rx ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

==== [Joint] UMEA/RB ====

Location: New Mexico
*Robert Allen, Outer magnetospheric EMIC wave source regions characterized by Cluster
*Sarah Vines, EMIC waves in the outer magnetosphere: Observations of an off-equator source region
*Justin Lee, EMIC wave observations by MMS
*Chao Yue, The relationship between EMIC wave properties and proton distributions based on Van Allen Probes observations
*Kristine Sigsbee, Simultaneous EMIC Wave Observations During a Van Allen Probes Conjunction
*Yuri Shprits, Dips in PSD and how they are related to EMIC wave scattering
*Richard Denton, Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the dipole magnetosphere and pitch angle scattering of sub-MeV relativistic electrons by those waves
*Qianli Ma, Pitch angle scattering of radiation belt electrons due to statistical EMIC wave spectra
*Hyomin Kim, TBD

==== SPEDAS ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [Joint] MAPS/DIP ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] RX/DAYS ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

* Katariina Nykyri - ''MMS observations of the formation and properties of high-latitude diamagnetic cavities''

* Brian Walsh - ''Cubesat mission to study magnetic reconnection''

* Xuanye Ma - ''Comparison between fluid simulation with test particles and hybrid simulation for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability''

* Karlheinz Trattner - ''Elongated Dayside X-lines''

* Marcos Sylveira - ''Flux transfer events observed in the dayside magnetopause by MMS mission''

* Andrew Dimmock - ''The SMILE SXI instrument: a global imager for solar wind - dayside interactions''

==== [FG] UMEA ====

Location: New Mexico
*Matina Gkioulidou/Seth Claudepierre, RBSP HGSO coordination
*Sarah Vines, Determining EMIC wave vector properties through multi-point measurements: The wave curl analysis
*Larry Kepko, Solar wind driven ULF waves
*Aaron Breneman, BARREL precipitation during solar wind driven ULF wave events
*Anatoly Streltsov, ULF waves near the plasmapause
*Mohammad Barani, Estimating the Azimuthal Mode Structure of ULF Waves Based on Multiple GOES Satellite Observations
*Kazue Takahashi, L versus time structures of ground magnetic pulsations
*Chih-Ping Wang, Earthward propagation of Pi2 waves

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] TAIL ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

1.'''Anton Artemyev,''' Multicomponent ion population in the magnetotail

2. '''Sasha Lukin (presented by Anton),''' Plasma populations around the distant equatorial magnetopause: indication on selective mechanism of ion and electron transport

2. '''Olivier Le Contel,''' MMS/cluster joint observations during PSBL crossings

3. '''Jiang Liu,''' Field-aligned current carriers in the magnetotail

4. '''San Lu,''' Reconnection in polarized thin current sheet

5. '''Chih-Ping Wang,''' Firehose instability within the recoonection exhaust observed in mid-tail

==== [FG] UMEA ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South
*Xuzhi Zhou, Acceleration of relativistic electrons by global-scale ULF waves
*Tomotsugu Yamakawa, Simulation of the excitation of storm-time Pc5 ULF waves by ring current ions based on the drift-kinetic model
*Maulik Patel, Simulation of prompt acceleration of radiation belt electrons during the 16 July 2017 storm
*Frank Toffoletto, Buoyancy Waves (TBD)
*Peter Chi, Observations of High-m Poloidal Waves along Magnetospheric Field Lines
*Mike Hartinger, Observations of wave-particle interactions using MagEIS ultra-high resolution energy channels
*Jiang Liu, Ultralow Frequency Waves Deep Inside the Inner Magnetosphere Driven by Dipolarizing Flux Bundles, and their interaction with electrons

==== [Joint] MMS: SPEDAS ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] DAYS/MMV ====

Location: Santa Fe

* Heli Hietala - ''Challenge progress summary''

* Sarah Vines - ''MMS observations during southward IMF: recap and update''

* Karlheinz Trattner - ''Maximum shear model results''

* Zhifang Guo - ''Global 3D hybrid simulation results''

* Marcos Silveira - Magnetopause transients seen in the challenge event: MMS vs MHD-EPIC comparison

* Discussion - including Special Issue manuscript coordination

=== 1700-2000: Poster Session ===

Please visit the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page for details.

== Friday, June 28 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''Students Awards, Student Invited Tutorial''': ''M. Argall''

* '''Mission/Modeling''': ''J. Sample''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] TAIL ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

This is the final year for Tail Environment FG, we will summary the major findings from this FG. We will discuss how we will proceed to maintain the discussion platform for the magnetotail physics in GEM community, including a proposal for a new FG.

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: New Mexico

1. General Contributions: Inner Belt and Slot Region

Xinlin Li: Source and Loss of Inner Belt Protons (10s of MeV) and Their Solar Cycle Variations Based on Multi-Point Measurements and Analysis

Kun Zhang: Long-Term Variations of the Inner Belt Electrons

Zheng Xiang: On Trapped Electron Dynamics in Earth's Inner Radiation Belt due to Atmospheric Scattering Loss and Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay (CRAND) as the Source

Man Hua: Modeling Electron Acceleration and Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions in the Earth's Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region

Questions and Discussions

2. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Waves

Dave Hartley: The Angular Distribution of Chorus Waves and the Role of Plumes in the Chorus-to-Hiss Mechanism

Xin An: Nonlinear Wave Structures Driven by Whistler Waves

Shangchun Teng: Typical Characteristics of Whistler Mode Waves Categorized by Their Spectral Properties Using Van Allen Probes Observations

Homayon Aryan: Discrete Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves Observed by Cluster

Oleksiy Agapitov: TBD

Questions and Discussions

3. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Modeling Method

Anthony Chan: A New Technique for Radiation Belt Modeling: Theory

Scot Elkington: A New Technique for Radiation Belt Modeling: Results

Yihua Zheng: Model Validation

Questions and Discussions

2019 GEM-CEDAR Joint Workshop and GEM Workshop

2019-06-19T18:45:14Z

IvanVasko:

'''Detailed Schedule'''

Below is a detailed session schedule for the 2019 GEM Summer Workshop. The schedule of the Joint GEM-CEDAR Workshop on June 22 can be found in the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/13tgjUAhRmpw7kK1W08p7ntRbYQhURdlAVB3JSH1MN-I/edit?usp=sharing Google Doc].

In this page, the tentative speakers and titles in Focus Group sessions are provided by Focus Group Leaders, and other information is taken from the [https://gemworkshop.org/ Workshop Coordinator Website]. Due to the dynamic nature of the Workshop, Focus Groups may continue to revise their session agenda as needed.

'''Poster Sessions''' will be held during 17:00 - 20:00 on Tuesday and Thursday. Poster titles can be found in the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page at the Workshop Coordinator website.

All other information about the 2019 GEM Summer Workshop can be found at the [https://gemworkshop.org/ GEM Workshop Coordinator website].

== Monday, June 24 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''Welcome/Intro''': ''J. Bortnik, P. Cassak, R. Millan''

* '''RA MIC Tutorial''': ''W. Li''

* '''RAC SWMI Tutorial''': ''K. Goodrich''

* '''NSF REU Program''': ''D. Baker''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

# Olga Verkhoglyadova: Summary of CEDAR MIT coupling efforts
# Hyunju Connor: Relation between reconnection and cross polar cap potential during the sudden enhancement of solar wind pressure; SMILE mission for the MIT coupling study.
# Doga Ozturk: What is the role of meso-scale electric fields in M-I-T Coupling?
# Kevin Pham: CMIT model
# Dong Wei: The magnetospheric driving source of double-peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs): Double ring current pressure peak
# Qianli Ma: diffusion coefficients due to chorus waves and electron precipitation features
# Dmytro Sydorenko: Development of a photoelectron effects module for a comprehensive model of coupled ionosphere and magnetosphere

==== [FG] MMV ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [FG] BSH ====
# Steve Schwartz (Tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Li-Jen Chen (Quasi-potential fields or not: MMS perspectives)
# Jonathan Ng (Simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang (Reconnection in the shock transition region)
# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)
# Anton Artemyev (Nonlinear wave-particle interaction in application to bow shock physics)
# Terry Liu (Particle acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves)

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1200 - 1230: LWS Discussion ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

# Christine Garbrielse: Storm Time Mesoscale Plasma Flows in the Nightside High‐Latitude Ionosphere
# Jiang Liu: SWARM & DMSP observations of the eastward plasma flows in the dawnside ionosphere and their comparison with THEMIS ASI observations.
# Ying Zou: effects of substorms in high-latitude upper thermospheric winds
# Sebastijan Mrak : Storm-time MI-coupling at mid-latitudes: Highly structured plasmapause boundary layer
# Brian Anderson: Observed GIC Events in the Pacific Northwest and Corresponding Ionospheric Electrodynamics: Beyond Substorms as the Dominant Cause of GICs
# Denny Oliveira: A historical finding of a sporadic aurora sighting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 15 Feb 1875
# Colby Lemon: Role of ion precipitation in plasmasphere erosion

==== [FG] BSH ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

==== [Joint] TAIL/MMV ====

Location: New Mexico room

1. '''Natalia Ganjushkina''', "Magnetotail structure inferred from observations of isotropic boundaries at NOAA satellites and global MHD modeling"

2. '''Modeling challenge''': An event (06-11 UT of 2017-07-09) will be presented and dicussed to understand the global response of the tail, from near-Earth to mid-tail, and the ionosphere to an IMF southward turning, and an IMF northward turning. This is an midnight conjunction of ERG (r < 5), GOES, Geotail (X = -11), MMS (X = -23), and ARTEMIS (X = -63). The observations will be compared with the BATS-R-US, OpenGGCM, and LFM runs conducted on NASA CCMC. The global models will be compared with ionosphere observations/empirical models, including SuperDARN, Ovation Prime, AMPERE, equivalent current, and ground magnetometers.

Tail (Chih-Ping Wang)

SuperDARN (Xueling Shi)

Ovation Prime (Betsey Mitchell)

AMPERE (Brian Anderson, Sarah Vines)

Spheric elementary current (James Weygand)

==== [FG] GBMAB ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] IHMIC ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North
* Denny Oliveira: Asymmetric satellite orbital drag effects during magnetic storms
* Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
* Brain Anderson: Update on simultaneous northern and southern hemisphere measures of latitudes and intensities of Birkeland currents from AMPERE
* Shini Ohtani: Dependence of the auroral electrojet intensity on the solar illumination and dipole tilt
* Christine Gabrielse: The difference between meso-scale flow speeds between summer and winter hemispheres
* Tetsuo Motoba: Interhemispheric behaviors during the ULF challenge event ????
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

==== [Joint] UMEA/MMV ====

Location: New Mexico
*Mike Hartinger, FG updates
*Lutz Rastaetter, ULF wave modeling challenge
*Maulik Patel, MHD test particle simulations of the 16 July 2017 shock compression of the dayside magnetopause
*Tetsuo Motoba, High-time resolution SuperMAG ULF data products
*Bob McPherron, Pi 2 pulsations during the storm of May 27-29 2017, The Statistics of Pi 2 Pulsation Occurrence during a Major Magnetic Storm
*Dong Lin, LFM simulations of surface waves during challenge event

==== Python ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1700-1800: Town Hall - Decadal midterm assessment ===

== Tuesday, June 25 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

'''Agency Talks'''

* NSF GS: M. Wiltberger
* NSF GEO: L. Winter
* NASA: M. Kessel
* NOAA: H. Singer
* Air Force: J. McCollough
* CSSP: H. Singer, T. Pulkkinen

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [Joint] IHMIC/MAPS ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom
* Toshi Nishimura: Magnetospheric source and inter-hemispheric conjugacy of STEVE arc
* Larry Lyons: Flow channel interaction with substorm onset and expansion phase dynamics
* Anders Ohma: How asymmetries in geospace evolve during increased tail reconnection
* Mike Hartinger: Possible experiments/observational campaigns to explore IH asymmetries during the upcoming 2020/2021 southern hemisphere solar eclipses
* Shane Coyle: An experimental approach to inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response of magnetospheric ULF waves
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: New Mexico

1. Chairs: Introduction of New Focus Group

2. Seth Claudepierre: Recent Advances and Open Questions in Radiation Belt Studies

3. Wen Li: Review and Challenges of Multi-Point Measurements to Radiation Belt Modeling

4. Open Discussions

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1200 - 1230: CCMC Report ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

1. Precipitation Conjunction Events

Mykhaylo Shumko and Ashley Greeley: Precipitation Conjunction Events Overview

Nithin Sivadas: Optical Signatures of the Radiation Belt Boundary

Wen Li: Direct Observation of Sub-Relativistic Electron Precipitation Driven by EMIC Waves

Questions and Discussions

2. Close Conjunction Events

Drew Turner and Ian Cohen: Close Conjunction Events between Van Allen Probes, MMS, and ARASE

Justin Lee: EMIC wave activity during MMS-RBSP Close Conjunctions

Questions and Discussions

3. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Particles

Geoff Reeves: Identifying the Magnitude and Occurrence Frequency of Radiation Belt Enhancement Events

Maulik Patel: Simulations using LFM and Test Particle Code to Reproduce Drift Echoes

Seth Claudiepierre: Electron Lifetimes from RBSP Observations and Comparison with Theoretical Estimates due to Pitch Angle Diffusion by Various Wave Modes

Sasha Drozdov: Depletion of Multi-MeV Electrons

Questions and Discussions

==== [FG] RX ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Turbulence ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] MMV/IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# Overview from the CEDAR conductance challenge on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Shin Ohtani: Solar zenith angle dependence of the auroral electrojets and its impact on conductance.
# Toshi Nishimura: Ionospheric conductance observations of the 17 March 2013 event
# Doga Ozturk: GTIM empirical results.
# Gang Lu: AMIE results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Bob Robinson: The 17 Mar 2013 storm results from a new empirical ionospheric electrodynamics model
# Hyunju Connor: OpenGGCM results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Kevin Pham: CMIT-IPWM results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Agnit Mukhopadhya: BATSRUS results on the 17 Mar 2013 storm
# Magaret Chen: Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Electron Precipitation Dynamics and Conductance during the 17 March 2013 Storm

See session description at the [http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_3D_Ionospheric_Electrodynamics_and_Its_Impact_on_the_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere_Coupled_System#2019_GEM_Workshop_-_updated_on_Jun_17.2C_2019 FG page].

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Turbulence ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1700-2000: Poster Session ===

Please visit the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page for details.

== Wednesday, June 26 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''RA GSM Tutorial''': ''J. Burch''

* '''MMV Tutorial''': ''K. Garcia-Sage''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

==== [FG] MAPS ====

Location: New Mexico

General substorm session
* '''Kyle Murphy''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Toshi Nishimura''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Bea Gallardo-Lacourt (by Murphy)''' Tracking pre-onset aurora
* '''Jiang Liu''' Ionosphere flows during substorms
* '''Larry Lyons''' Substorm precursors and expansion phase activity
* '''Nithin Sivadas''' Energetic electron precipitation
<br>

==== [Joint] UMEA/DAYS/IHMIC ====

Location: Santa Fe

* Tom Elsden - ''Session introduction and goals''

* Ferdinand Plaschke - ''An overview of dayside transients causing ULF waves''

* Tom Elsden - ''3D ULF wave modeling with MHD''

* Boyi Wang - ''A statistical investigation of the role of magnetosheath high-speed jets in triggering magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves''

* Bob Lysak - ''Ionospheric asymmetries and quarter-wave modes''

* Xueling Shi - ''Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF''

* Michael Hartinger - ''Localized magnetopause surface wave activity and modeling challenges''

* Discussion

=== 1200 - 1230: URM Event ===

Location: New Mexico

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] M3-I2 ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] DAYS/BSH ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

* Andrew Dimmock - ''Introduction''

* Ian Cohen - ''High-resolution measurements of the cross-shock potential, ion reflection, and electron heating at an interplanetary shock by MMS''

* Xin An - ''Formation of foreshock transients and associated secondary shocks''

* Yann Pfau-Kempf - ''Transmission of foreshock ULF waves to the magnetosheath''

* Misha Balikhin - ''Nonstationarity of the quasi-perpendicular bow shock''

* Heli Hietala - ''Global 3D hybrid simulations of magnetosheath jets''

* Terry Liu - ''Statistical study of magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves''

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: New Mexico

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] DIP ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] UMEA/IEMIT ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

# (Invited) Boyi Wang: Ionospheric modulation by Pc5 ULF waves and wave structure detected by PFISR
# (Invited) Xiaojia Zhang / Anton Artemyev: ULF modulation of VLF waves and precipitation
# Doga Ozturk: Update from GEM/CEDAR joint session, PFISR E/ground magnetometer comparisons
# Anatoly Streltsov: Effects of Hall conductivity on generation of ULF waves in magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions
# Mergen Aligabetov: ULF waves observed in space and on the ground at high and low latitudes
# Mark Engebretson: Multi-Instrument Observations of Nighttime Impulsive Magnetic Events
# Bob Lysak: Modeling ionospheric conductance and ground magnetic fields
# Yan Song: ULF wave, M-I coupling and Auroral formation.

==== [Joint] MMS: Bowshock ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] MMS: Inner M'sphere ====

Location: Santa Fe

== Thursday, June 27 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''RA MPS Tutorial''': ''A. Runov''

* '''RA IMAG Tutorial''': ''H. Zhao''

* '''Mission/Modeling''': ''M. Gkioulidou, T. Nishimura''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] Rx ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

==== [Joint] UMEA/RB ====

Location: New Mexico
*Robert Allen, Outer magnetospheric EMIC wave source regions characterized by Cluster
*Sarah Vines, EMIC waves in the outer magnetosphere: Observations of an off-equator source region
*Justin Lee, EMIC wave observations by MMS
*Chao Yue, The relationship between EMIC wave properties and proton distributions based on Van Allen Probes observations
*Kristine Sigsbee, Simultaneous EMIC Wave Observations During a Van Allen Probes Conjunction
*Yuri Shprits, Dips in PSD and how they are related to EMIC wave scattering
*Richard Denton, Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the dipole magnetosphere and pitch angle scattering of sub-MeV relativistic electrons by those waves
*Qianli Ma, Pitch angle scattering of radiation belt electrons due to statistical EMIC wave spectra
*Hyomin Kim, TBD

==== SPEDAS ====

Location: Santa Fe

=== 1330-1500: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [Joint] MAPS/DIP ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

==== [Joint] RX/DAYS ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South

* Katariina Nykyri - ''MMS observations of the formation and properties of high-latitude diamagnetic cavities''

* Brian Walsh - ''Cubesat mission to study magnetic reconnection''

* Xuanye Ma - ''Comparison between fluid simulation with test particles and hybrid simulation for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability''

* Karlheinz Trattner - ''Elongated Dayside X-lines''

* Marcos Sylveira - ''Flux transfer events observed in the dayside magnetopause by MMS mission''

* Andrew Dimmock - ''The SMILE SXI instrument: a global imager for solar wind - dayside interactions''

==== [FG] UMEA ====

Location: New Mexico
*Matina Gkioulidou/Seth Claudepierre, RBSP HGSO coordination
*Sarah Vines, Determining EMIC wave vector properties through multi-point measurements: The wave curl analysis
*Larry Kepko, Solar wind driven ULF waves
*Aaron Breneman, BARREL precipitation during solar wind driven ULF wave events
*Anatoly Streltsov, ULF waves near the plasmapause
*Mohammad Barani, Estimating the Azimuthal Mode Structure of ULF Waves Based on Multiple GOES Satellite Observations
*Kazue Takahashi, L versus time structures of ground magnetic pulsations
*Chih-Ping Wang, Earthward propagation of Pi2 waves

=== 1530-1700: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] TAIL ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom North

1.'''Anton Artemyev,''' Multicomponent ion population in the magnetotail

2. '''Sasha Lukin (presented by Anton),''' Plasma populations around the distant equatorial magnetopause: indication on selective mechanism of ion and electron transport

2. '''Olivier Le Contel,''' MMS/cluster joint observations during PSBL crossings

3. '''Jiang Liu,''' Field-aligned current carriers in the magnetotail

4. '''San Lu,''' Reconnection in polarized thin current sheet

5. '''Chih-Ping Wang,''' Firehose instability within the recoonection exhaust observed in mid-tail

==== [FG] UMEA ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom South
*Xuzhi Zhou, Acceleration of relativistic electrons by global-scale ULF waves
*Tomotsugu Yamakawa, Simulation of the excitation of storm-time Pc5 ULF waves by ring current ions based on the drift-kinetic model
*Maulik Patel, Simulation of prompt acceleration of radiation belt electrons during the 16 July 2017 storm
*Frank Toffoletto, Buoyancy Waves (TBD)
*Peter Chi, Observations of High-m Poloidal Waves along Magnetospheric Field Lines
*Mike Hartinger, Observations of wave-particle interactions using MagEIS ultra-high resolution energy channels
*Jiang Liu, Ultralow Frequency Waves Deep Inside the Inner Magnetosphere Driven by Dipolarizing Flux Bundles, and their interaction with electrons

==== [Joint] MMS: SPEDAS ====

Location: New Mexico

==== [Joint] DAYS/MMV ====

Location: Santa Fe

* Heli Hietala - ''Challenge progress summary''

* Sarah Vines - ''MMS observations during southward IMF: recap and update''

* Karlheinz Trattner - ''Maximum shear model results''

* Zhifang Guo - ''Global 3D hybrid simulation results''

* Marcos Silveira - Magnetopause transients seen in the challenge event: MMS vs MHD-EPIC comparison

* Discussion - including Special Issue manuscript coordination

=== 1700-2000: Poster Session ===

Please visit the [https://gemworkshop.org/pages/gem2019/2019_GEM_poster_0613.pdf Poster Information] page for details.

== Friday, June 28 ==

=== 0830-1000: Plenary Session ===

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

* '''Students Awards, Student Invited Tutorial''': ''M. Argall''

* '''Mission/Modeling''': ''J. Sample''

=== 1030-1200: Splinter Sessions ===

==== [FG] TAIL ====

Location: Lumpkins Ballroom

This is the final year for Tail Environment FG, we will summary the major findings from this FG. We will discuss how we will proceed to maintain the discussion platform for the magnetotail physics in GEM community, including a proposal for a new FG.

==== [FG] RB ====

Location: New Mexico

1. General Contributions: Inner Belt and Slot Region

Xinlin Li: Source and Loss of Inner Belt Protons (10s of MeV) and Their Solar Cycle Variations Based on Multi-Point Measurements and Analysis

Kun Zhang: Long-Term Variations of the Inner Belt Electrons

Zheng Xiang: On Trapped Electron Dynamics in Earth's Inner Radiation Belt due to Atmospheric Scattering Loss and Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay (CRAND) as the Source

Man Hua: Modeling Electron Acceleration and Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions in the Earth's Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region

Questions and Discussions

2. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Waves

Dave Hartley: The Angular Distribution of Chorus Waves and the Role of Plumes in the Chorus-to-Hiss Mechanism

Xin An: Nonlinear Wave Structures Driven by Whistler Waves

Shangchun Teng: Typical Characteristics of Whistler Mode Waves Categorized by Their Spectral Properties Using Van Allen Probes Observations

Homayon Aryan: Discrete Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves Observed by Cluster

Oleksiy Agapitov: TBD

Questions and Discussions

3. General Contributions: Radiation Belt Modeling Method

Anthony Chan: A New Technique for Radiation Belt Modeling: Theory

Scot Elkington: A New Technique for Radiation Belt Modeling: Results

Yihua Zheng: Model Validation

Questions and Discussions

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-06-11T21:05:03Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== 2019 GEM Summer Workshop ==

# Steve Schwartz (Tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Li-Jen Chen (Quasi-potential fields or not: MMS perspectives)
# Jonathan Ng (Simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang (Reconnection in the shock transition region)
# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)
# Anton Artemyev (Nonlinear wave-particle interaction in application to bow shock physics)
# Terry Liu (Particle acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-06-11T20:50:18Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== 2019 GEM Summer Workshop ==

# Steve Schwartz (Tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Li-Jen Chen (Quasi-potential fields or not: MMS perspectives)
# Jonathan Ng (Simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang (Reconnection in the shock transition region)
# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)
# Anton Artemyev (Nonlinear wave-particle interaction in application to bow shock physics)
# Terry Liu (Particle acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-05-28T20:47:54Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== 2019 GEM Summer Workshop ==

# Steve Schwartz (Tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
# Li-Jen Chen
# Jonathan Ng (Simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang (Reconnection in the shock transition region)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)
# Anton Artemyev (Nonlinear wave-particle interaction in application to bow shock physics)
# Terry Liu (Particle acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-05-28T20:38:57Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== 2019 GEM Summer Workshop ==

# Steve Schwartz (tutorial on quasi-potential fields in shocks)
# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
# Li-Jen Chen
# Jonathan Ng (simulations of microinstabilities leading to electron heating at the bow shock)
# Shan Wang
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)
# Anton Artemyev (Nonlinear wave-particle interaction in application to bow shock physics)
# Terry Liu (Particle acceleration by magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-05-16T05:55:41Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== 2019 GEM Summer Workshop ==

# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Derek Schaeffer (lab plasma observations of shocks)
# Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-05-16T05:54:21Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

'''2019 GEM Summer Workshop'''

Speakers

# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Derek Schaeffer (lab plasma observations of shocks)
# Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-05-16T05:52:14Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

==2019 GEM Summer Workshop==

Speakers

# Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
# Derek Schaeffer (lab plasma observations of shocks)
# Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
# Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the interplanetary shocks)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-05-16T05:51:40Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

==2019 GEM Summer Workshop==

Speakers

1. Naoki Bessho (PIC simulations of shocks and reconnection)
2. Derek Schaeffer (lab plasma observations of shocks)
3. Takanobu Amano (PIC simulations of shock acceleration)
4. Ilya Kuzichev (PIC simulation of the whistler heat flux instability in the
interplanetary shocks)

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:42:38Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|thumb]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:41:49Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png|frame]]

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:40:38Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

[[Image:Figure1.png]]

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

File:Figure1.png

2019-03-25T19:37:40Z

IvanVasko: Figure 1 The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of vario

Figure 1 The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:20:43Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Figure 1''' The two upper panels present the Earth’s bow shock crossing by MMS presented by Chen et al., PRL, 2018 that is selected as a challenge event for the FG during the first year. Panels (a)-(f) in the left figure show the standard behavior of various quantities across the shock - density and magnetic field increase, ion bulk velocity decrease, electron parallel and perpendicular temperature growth resolved with the high temporal resolution by the FPI instrument, electron and ion spectra with unprecedented time resolution. Panel (g) presents the quasi-static electric field along the normal to the shock and indicates that this electric field may consist of high-amplitude short-scale electric field spikes associated with noticeable particle heating as seen in the spectra. The right figure shows the evolution of 30 ms time resolution electron distribution function across the ramp of the bow shock and associated high-frequency waves. The role of quasi-static vs. high-frequency large-amplitude electric field fluctuations in particle heating and thermalization is the fundamental question to be addressed in the frame of the FG. The bottom left panel from Wilson et al., JGR, 2014 (THEMIS observations) shows that the high-frequency wave activity in collisionless shocks may consists of different waves (ion-acoustic waves, Bernstein modes, solitary waves and whistler waves). The mechanisms of their generation and role in particle heating and thermalization remain unresolved and represent another objective of the FG. The bottom right figure shows the results of modern PIC simulations (Matsumoto et al., ApJ, 2012) of a collisionless shock. The important point is that the current simulations do not reproduce the realistic amplitudes and profiles of both the quasi-static electric field and high-frequency waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock.

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:10:52Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:09:45Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

[[ Focus Group Chairs]]

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:08:40Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

[[Focus Group Chairs]]

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:08:24Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

[[Focus Group Chairs]]

[[== Focus Group Chairs ==]]

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:08:04Z

IvanVasko:

'''Contents'''

[[Focus Group Chairs]]

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:04:22Z

IvanVasko:

== Focus Group Chairs ==

# Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
# Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
# Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
# Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

'''Term''': Five years (2019-2024)

== Introduction to the focus group ==

'''Topic'''

Particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks are important unsolved problems, because of the challenges to resolve the kinetic scales with past in-situ data and simulations. Further progress in modeling collisionless shocks and validating MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations requires resolving particle heating and thermalization processes from the ion to electron kinetic scales. Understanding these processes to the level with predictive capabilities will advance simulations of collisionless shock waves and wave-particle interactions, whether occurring near-Earth or other regions of space. The broad goals of the FG are to address (1) the structure of the quasi-static electric fields in collisionless shocks and their role in particle heating, (2) waves/structures in collisionless shocks and their generation mechanisms, (3) contributions of quasi-static and high-frequency electric fields to particle heating and thermalization and (4) enabling advances of MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations to model the Earth’s bow shock and magnetosheath plasma. We expect to have strong collaborations with other focus groups that study the phenomena sensitive to the solar wind input.

'''The major focus of the Focus Group is particle heating and thermalization processes in collisionless shocks at kinetic scales, through the Earth’s bow shock and interplanetary shock observations and modern numerical simulations. Understanding and modeling these fundamental processes are essential to modeling geospace as the bow shock controls the solar wind input into the magnetosphere. The proposed FG will primarily build on the synergy of the unprecedented observation and modeling capabilities that have only come into effect in the past few years.'''

'''Goals & Deliverables'''

The broad goal of the Focus Group is to:
* establish the distribution and properties of the quasi-static electric field in collisionless shocks, resolve particle heating by the quasi-static field, quantitatively compare terms in Ohm’s law;
* analyze microscopic fluctuations (small-scale & high-frequency electric and magnetic fields) across subcritical and supercritical shock waves: census of waves/structures contributing to the microscopic fluctuations; mechanisms of fluctuation generation;
* establish contributions of quasi-static and high frequency fields in particle heating and thermalization in collisionless shocks; and
* establish the limits of applicability of existing MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations of collisionless shocks to improve simulations of the terrestrial bow shock to accurately reproduce the plasma properties of the magnetosheath.
The deliverables include:
* quantify the contributions of macro- and microscopic fields in particle heating and thermalization at the terrestrial bow shock;
* quantify constraints and limits of applicability of existing simulations of collisionless shocks; and
* quantified constraints will motivate improvements for MHD, hybrid, and PIC simulations with the goal of reproducing the microscopic processes in the sheath downstream of collisionless shocks.

'''Expected activities'''

The following activities and session topics for the duration of the proposed focus group are planned

*'''Year-1''': We will focus on the structure and properties of the macroscopic (quasi-static) electromagnetic fields in the terrestrial bow shock. The major objective is to quantify the relevance of quasi-static fields in particle heating, quantify the spatial scales and amplitude of the quasi-static field, and determine their influence on particle heating and thermalization. Particular attention will be focused on modelling the challenge event (see Figure 1), where small-scale features in the quasi-static field and associated particle heating have been clearly resolved. The participation of modellers will make it possible to understand what features of the quasi-static shock structure are reproducible in modern simulations and what processes should be incorporated to reproduce the observed heating and thermalization.

*'''Year-2''': The focus will be on the properties and occurrence rates of waves/structures observed in the Earth’s bow shock. Theoretical and numerical instability analysis of different waves/structures to identify free energy sources/generation mechanisms will be performed. Compare observations and simulations to determine the physical processes missing in the simulations.

*'''Year-3''' and '''Year-4''': The focus will be on comparing the importance of quasi-static vs. high frequency fields on particle heating and thermalization in the Earth’s bow shock. The inclusion of interplanetary shocks (generally subcritical) observed by Parker Solar Probe will expand the range of shock parameters to help establish the factors controlling the heating and thermalization. Comparison between in situ observations and simulations will enable the identification of the key features absent in the simulations

*'''Year-5''': A statistically significant number of shock crossings will provide a solid basis for testing numerical simulation results (improved over the FG activity period) to reproduce the sheath plasma properties downstream of collisionless shocks.

== Workshops ==

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T19:03:55Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:54:29Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:51:20Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:50:00Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:45:21Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:45:11Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:41:59Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:41:08Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:40:42Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:40:25Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:39:44Z

IvanVasko:

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:39:32Z

IvanVasko:

== Focus Group Chairs ==

#1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
#2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
#3. Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
#4. Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:37:30Z

IvanVasko:

== Focus Group Chairs ==

----1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
----2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
----3. Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
----4. Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:36:02Z

IvanVasko:

== Focus Group Chairs ==

----1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
3. Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
4. Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:34:16Z

IvanVasko:

== Focus Group Chairs ==

1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)\\
2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
3. Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
4. Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:33:44Z

IvanVasko:

== Focus Group Chairs ==

1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
3. Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
4. Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)

FG: Particle Heating and Thermalization in Collisionless Shocks in the MMS Era

2019-03-25T18:33:08Z

IvanVasko: New page: Focus Group Chairs 1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com) 2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.o...

Focus Group Chairs
1. Lynn Wilson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (lynn.b.wilsoniii@gmail.com)
2. Li-Jen Chen, Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park (lijen@mailaps.org)
3. Katherine Goodrich, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (katygoodrich@berkeley.edu)
4. Ivan Vasko, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley (ivan.vasko@ssl.berkeley.edu)