FG: Interhemispheric Approaches to Understand M-I Coupling (IHMIC)

Focus Group Leaders

• Hyomin Kim, New Jersey Institute of Technology (hmkim@njit.edu)
• Robert Lysak, University of Minnesota
• Tomoko Matsuo, University of Colorado at Boulder

Focus Group Term

• 2018 - 2023 (1 year extended due to the pandemic)

Focus Group Topic Description and Science Questions

The main goal of this focus group is to understand the interhemispheric symmetry/asymmetry in geomagnetic fields and its effects on M-I coupling. Observational and modeling studies have shown the interhemispheric differences which are manifested in various signatures, e.g., large-scale current systems, auroral forms, waves, ion upflow, outflow, particle precipitation, high-latitude convection and thermospheric winds. The focus group addresses questions as to how to incorporate interhemispheric differences and their effects on M-I coupling in observations and modeling/simulations. The overarching science questions that this focus group will be addressing are:

1. In what aspect does the asymmetry in geomagnetic fields play a role in M-I coupling?
2. How are the interhemispheric differences related to solar wind and geomagnetic activities?
3. What are interhemispheric differences in storm and substorm signatures, wave activity and particle precipitation? What controls these differences?
4. How do interhemispheric differences in ionospheric conductivity affect solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere?
5. What are effects of the neutral wind dynamo in the application of Ohm's law to ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling? Does the neutral wind dynamo contribute to the interhemispheric asymmetry in M-I coupling?

2023 GEM Session Schedule

Session 1, Monday, June 12, 15:30 - 17:00 PDT (Room: Pacific B) (Zoom Link: https://njit-edu.zoom.us/j/4144130087?pwd=UzJKVUt5dG5tSEJlN1Y5TWc3QXBFUT09, Meeting ID: 414 413 0087, Passcode: 7ZyrQM)

• Hyomin Kim/Zhonghua Xu, Intro/Geospace Exploration and Observation with Scientific COllaboration in Polar Regions (GEOSCOPR), towards IPY 2032
• Yue Deng, Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetries in the High-Latitude Electrodynamic Forcing and Impacts on Thermosphere During October 8-9, 2012 Storm
• Nicholas Bartel, Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Field-Aligned Currents Determined by Principal Component Analysis of AMPERE-Iridium NEXT Magnetometer Data
• Rick Wilder, The Atmospheric Electrodynamics probe for THERmal (AETHER) plasma Investigation: Global Observations of Electron Density and Temperature With the Geospace Dynamics Constellation (GDC)
• Matthew Cooper (VIRTUAL), Structured Parallel Bulk Flows Recovered from a Thermodynamic Fitting Study of Van Allen Probes RBSPICE Data
• Niloufar Nowrouzi (VIRTUAL), Interhemispheric Asymmetry in Ionospheric O+ and H+ Outflows
• Ying Zou, Hemispheric symmetry and asymmetry of PMRAFs during a geomagnetic storm
• Marc Lessard, Interhemispheric Asymmetries of Neutral Upwelling and Ion Upflow
• Yining Shi, Interhemispheric asymmetries in large magnetic field residuals between Swarm observations and Earth magnetic field model during non-storm times
• James Weygand, Interhemispheric asymmetry due to IMF By in the cusp SECs and ionospheric current reconfiguration times
• Shin Ohtani (presented by Tetsuo Motoba), Breakdown of Interhemispheric Conjugacy of Auroral beading

Session 2 (Joint with GIC and MPEC), Thursday, June 15, 10:30 - 12:00 PDT (Room: Pacific A)

• See the GIC session schedule

2022 mini-GEM Session Schedule

GIC-GMAG-IHMIC joint session, Sunday, 11 December, 12:00 - 13:30 CT, Room: Williford B at Hilton Chicago Hotel (720 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago) (Zoom link: https://alaska.zoom.us/j/87956087298?pwd=ZnY2cUExeVFHV0djcmxKOTBUTm9HQT09, Meeting ID: 879 5608 7298, Passcode: 455961)

• Dogacan Ozturk/Xueling Shi: Introduction
• Lisa Winter/Jesse Woodroffe: Agency updates
• Daniel Welling: GIC SSC
• Michael Hartinger: US GMAG board updates
• James Weygand: HDRL/DOIs, data sharing
• Peter Chi: GMAG network challenges
• US GMAG network updates

IHMIC session, Sunday, December 11, 13:45 - 15:15 CT, Room: Waldorf at Hilton Chicago Hotel (720 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago) (Webex link: njit.webex.com/meet/hmkim)

• Hyomin Kim, Interhemispheric Observations of High Latitude Ground Responses Under Various Solar Wind Conditions
• Karl Laundal, The relationship between interhemispheric asymmetries in polar ionospheric convection and the magnetic field line footpoint displacement field
• Anthea Coster, Equatorial and Polar Asymmetries –Data and Model Comparisons
• Tomoko Matsuo, Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Field-Aligned Currents Determined by Principal Component Analysis of AMPERE-Iridium NEXT Magnetometer Data
• James Weygand, Interhemispheric symmetry and asymmetry within the cusp spherical elementary currents during large IMF By magnitudes
• Shane Coyle, The 2021 Antarctic Total Eclipse: Ground Magnetometer and GNSS Wave Observations from the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian
• Zhonghua Xu, Interhemispheric ULF Pc5 Correlation Study

2022 GEM Session Schedule

IHMIC/CEDAR Joint Session on Thursday, June 23, 10:30 - 12:00 HST (Room: Alohilani II) (Note the CEDAR session is held at 16:00-18:00 CDT (11:00-13:00 HST)

• Hyomin Kim: Investigation of Deep Polar Cap Dynamics Using an Autonomous Instrument Network
• Bea Gallardo-Lacourt: Identifying the polar cap boundary location using redline imaging data and DMSP.
• Nithin Sivadas: Uncertainty in solar wind forcing and its relation to saturation of geomagnetic indices
• Asti Bhatt: Wave activity observed at RISR-N during Polar summer
• David Themens: Simplified solar energetic proton ionization and polar cap absorption for the Empirical and Assimilation Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Models (E-/A-CHAIM)
• Leslie Lamarche: The Modified Apex-Rotated Pole (MARP) Coordinate System
• Diana Loucks: Space weather and high-latitude effects: an Academy perspective
• Michael Negale: Using ionospheric data assimilations to model polar cap patch airglow intensities
• Alanah Cardenas-O'Toole: Statistical and event analysis of phase and amplitude scintillations associated with polar cap patches
• Lindsay Goodwin: Utilizing Lomb-Scargle Periodograms and Advanced Radar Techniques to Monitor Polar Cap Density Structures

IHMIC/IEMIT Joint Session on Thursday, June 23, 15:30 - 17:00 HST (Room: Alohilani II)

• Jone Peter Reistad, "Global dayside reconnection depends on Sign of IMF By when Earth's dipole is tilted"
• Daniel Welling, "Center for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries (CUSIA)"
• SungJun Noh, "Interhemispheric Propagation of EMIC Waves Occurred by a Series of Foreshock Transient Events"
• Karl Laundal, "The Relationship Between Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Polar Ionospheric Convection and the Magnetic Field Line Footpoint Displacement Field"
• Marc Lessard, "Interhemispheric effects on ion upflow and neutral upwelling"
• Dogacan Ozturk, "Quantification of Interhemispheric Asymmetry"
• Shane Coyle, "Eclipse Campaign"
• Austin Smith, "Interhemispheric Asymmetries in the Energy Budget of I-T System During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Storm"

IHMIC/GIC Joint Session on Friday, June 24, 10:30 - 12:00 HST (Room: Alohilani II)

• Mark Engebretson: Observations of conjugate high latitude geomagnetic disturbances that can cause GICs
• Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic ULF wave response to interplanetary shocks at high latitudes-Case Study
• Hyomin Kim: Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Studies Using the PSWS Magnetometer Network
• Bob Lysak: Cavity Mode Structure of Pi2 Pulsations
• Martin Archer: What are the ionospheric and ground magnetic signatures of global magnetopause surface modes?
• Simone Di Matteo: Global and local ULF waves in response to solar wind periodic density structures
• Gabby Nowak: Relationship Between Geomagnetic Field Variations and External Drivers Across Different Latitudes and Hemispheres

2021 mini-GEM (hybrid) Session Schedule (held jointly with the IEMIT session)

Location: Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center (1001 South Peters Street New Orleans, LA 70130) or Zoom

Session 1: Sunday, December 12, 14:00 - 15:30 (US Central Time)

• Christine Gabrielse - Precipitating Energy Flux, Average Energy, and Hall Auroral Conductance from THEMIS All-Sky-Imagers during Two Substorms: Mesoscale Contributions
• Dillon Gillespie - Diffuse Aurora and Ionospheric Conductance derived from Chorus waves in the inner magnetosphere
• Zihan Wang - COMPASS: a new COnductance Model based on PFISR And SWARM Satellite observations
• Shannon Hill - Capturing Theta Aurora Observations: SWMF Simulation Results
• Yining Shi - Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Large Magnetosphere and Ionosphere Magnetic Field Residuals between Swarm Observations and Earth Magnetic Field Models
• Astrid Maute - Influence of MI and lower atmospheric coupling during a moderate geomagnetic storm
• John Coxon - The interhemispheric asymmetry in Birkeland currents

Session 2: Sunday, December 12, 15:45 - 17:15 (US Central Time)

• Agnit Mukhopadhyay - Global Driving of Auroral Precipitation - Balance of Sources
• Mark Engebretson - Interhemispheric conjugacy of magnetic perturbation events that cause GICs
• Yu Hong - Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System During the 8-9 October 2012 Geomagnetic Storm: Multi-Instrumental Observations and GITM Simulations
• Hyomin Kim - Characterization of Interhemispheric Asymmetries Driven by External Drivers
• Sungjun Noh - Interhemispheric Pc 1 wave propagation associated with foreshock transient events during quiet solar wind condition
• Zhonghua Xu - Influence of MI and lower atmospheric coupling during a moderate geomagnetic storm
• Xueling Shi - Multipoint conjugate observations of dayside ULF waves during an extended period of radial IMF
• Marc Hairston - Variations in the Ionospheric Penetration Electric Field During the 2013 St. Patrick’s Day Storm Between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

2021 VGEM Session Schedule

Session 1: Monday, July 26, 1:00 - 2:30 pm (US Eastern Time)

• Mark Engebretson - Magnetic Perturbation Events (MPEs) that cause GICs:  Investigating their inherhemispheric conjugacy. 
• Dan Welling - Understanding Asymmetries using the Capabilities Assessment Matrix
• Viacheslav Pilipenko - Electromagnetic fields of magnetospheric ULF disturbances in conjugate ionospheres: Current/voltage dichotomy
• Matthias Foerster - Implications of the Earth's magnetic field asymmetry for the  M-I-T coupling
• 
Doga Ozturk/Ilya Kuzichev - Investigating Interhemispheric Asymmetry Across Modeled Ionospheric Parameters
• Mike Hartinger - Planning for the 4 December 2021 Antarctic eclipse
• Christian Bagby-Wright, Asymmetric Effects of Reflected By on Polar Activity
• Anders Ohma - IMF By induced asymmetries and tail reconnection

Session 2: Monday, July 26, 3:00 - 4:30 pm (US Eastern Time)

• Anthea Coster - Interhemispheric Asymmetries as observed by GNSS TEC
• Yining Shi - Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Magnetosphere Ionosphere Magnetic Field Residuals Between Swarm Observations and Earth Magnetic Field Models
• Sungjun Noh - Ground signatures associated with HFA/FB

• Zhonghua Xu - The correlation study of ULF wave responses on the ground under different interplanetary shock conditions
• 
Sarah Vines - Probing Interhemispheric Asymmetries in the Birkeland Currents with AMPERE
• John Coxon - The interhemispheric asymmetry in Birkeland currents
• James Weygand - Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the Cusp Spherical Elementary Currents
• Delores Knipp - Hemispheric Asymmetries in derived DMSP Poynting Flux
• Ivan Pakhotin - Northern Preference for Poynting Flux Input into the Dayside and Nightside Ionosphere

2020 mini-VGEM Session Schedule

Thursday, January 21, 2021 10:00 am - 12:00 pm (US Eastern Time)

Overarching questions for this session:

1. How can the level of asymmetry be quantified from various observations and modeling results?
2. What will be the next step forward in understanding interhemispheric MI coupling?
3. What type of research from other sub-disciplines could be helpful to close the gap in our understanding of interhemispheric MI coupling?

Presentation List:

• Hyomin Kim, Interhemispheric Asymmetries in High-Latitude M-I Coupling Processes: Magnetic field Perturbations, Currents and Convection
• Sungjun Noh, Interhemispheric Ground Responses to Hot Flow Anomalies
• Astrid Maute, MI coupling considering interhemispheric asymmetries: ionospheric perspective
• Ramon Lopez, The Center for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries: Research Focus and Future plans
• Claudia Stolle, Characteristics of auroral field-aligned current viewed by different missions (GRACE-FO, DMSP, i.a.)
• Robert Strangeway, Interhemispherical Asymmetries in Radial Currents Observed at Low Altitudes by AMPERE During a Geomagnetic Storm
• Anthea Coster, Joseph Huba, Stan Sazykin, and Richard Wolf, Model-Data Exploration of Hemispherical Asymmetries in the Magnetosphere /Ionosphere System
• Michael Hartinger, Inter-hemispheric Comparisons during High-Latitude Solar Eclipses

2020 VGEM Session Schedule

All sessions will take place virtually on Zoom. Please log into the VGEM website to get access to the sessions. We will try the traditional way for Q/A by using your own mic/speaker. Use Zoom to "raise your hand" to ask questions.

Thursday, July 23, 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm (US Eastern Time)

• Dan Welling, CUSIA: The Center for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries
• Mark Engebretson, Interhemispheric comparisons of large nighttime magnetic perturbation events relevant to GICs
• Bob Lysak, Quarter wave modes: Variation of the conductance ratio
• Zhonghua Xu, Interhemispheric ULF comparison related to Interplanetary shocks
• Ray Lopez and Bob Strangeway, The Center for Understanding Interhemispheric Asymmetries Initial Event Studies

Thursday, July 23, 3:00 pm - 4:30 pm (US Eastern Time)

• James Weygand, Examples of Hemispherically Conjugate Auroral Omega Bands
• Stephan C. Buchert, Sq and Interhemispherically Entangled Dynamos
• Qing-He Zhang Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal insight about coupling processes in the Earth’s magnetotail
• Delores Knipp and Liam Kilcommons, DMSP Poynting Flux in The Auroral Zone and Polar Cap from Both Hemispheres
• Xueling Shi, Interhemispheric Observations of Ground Responses to Upstream Transients
• Yu Hong, Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in high-latitude I-T system: GITM simulations

2019 mini-GEM Session Schedule

Location: Holiday Inn-Golden Gateway, 1500 Van Ness Ave, San Francisco, CA. Time: 12:00 - 13:30

• Bob Lysak, Numerical Investigation of Quarter-Wave Modes
• Zhonghua Xu, Inter-hemispheric comparison of ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: Shock impact angle versus timing and intensities of ground magnetic response
• Bob Clauer, PRIC project update
• Thom Edwards, Recent Events from DTU's Magnetometer Program and Our Role in Interhemispheric Comparisons
• Thom Edwards, Incidence of Alfvenic SC pulse (1-2 slides from Slava Pilipenko)
• Yining Shi, Event study of field-aligned currents (FACs) and their interhemispheric asymmetries revealed by assimilative analysis of AMPERE magnetic perturbation data
• KathrynR. Kirkevold (presented by Thom Edwards), Interhemispheric Comparisons of Large Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events
• James Weygand, The Response of Field Aligned Currents to Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field

2019 GEM Session Schedule

Monday, June 24, 3:30 pm - 5:00 pm (Room: Lumpkins Ballroom)

• Denny Oliveira: Asymmetric satellite orbital drag effects during magnetic storms
• Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
• Brain Anderson: Update on simultaneous northern and southern hemisphere measures of latitudes and intensities of Birkeland currents from AMPERE
• Shini Ohtani: Dependence of the auroral electrojet intensity on the solar illumination and dipole tilt
• Christine Gabrielse: The difference between meso-scale flow speeds between summer and winter hemispheres
• Tetsuo Motoba: Asymmetric SC/Pc5 amplitudes at the Syowa–Iceland conjugate pair
• Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

Tuesday, June 25, 10:30 am - 12:00 pm (joint session with the MAPS session, Room: Lumpkins Ballroom)

• Toshi Nishimura: Magnetospheric source and inter-hemispheric conjugacy of STEVE arc
• Larry Lyons: Outstanding questions on the role of meso-scale flow channels in the coupled M-I system
• Anders Ohma: How asymmetries in geospace evolve during increased tail reconnection
• Mike Hartinger: Possible experiments/observational campaigns to explore IH asymmetries during the upcoming 2020/2021 southern hemisphere solar eclipses
• Shane Coyle: An experimental approach to inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response of magnetospheric ULF waves
• Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc)

Wednesday (June 26) 10:30 am - 12:00 pm (joint session with the UMEA and DAYS sessions, Room: Santa Fe )

• 10:30-10:35 Tom Elsden: Session introduction and goals
• 10:35-10:50 Ferdinand Plaschke: An overview of dayside transients causing ULF waves
• 10:50-11:00 Tom Elsden: 3D ULF wave modeling with MHD
• 11:00-11:10 Boyi Wang: A statistical investigation of the role of magnetosheath high-speed jets in triggering magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves
• 11:10-11:20 Bob Lysak: Modeling ionospheric conductance and ground magnetic fields
• 11:20-11:30 Xueling Shi: Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF
• 11:30-11:40 Michael Hartinger: Localized magnetopause surface wave activity and modeling challenges
• 11:40-12:00 Discussion: Tackle questions arising from talks as well as current and future science goals

2018 Mini-GEM Schedule

The session took place in Room 5 (Potomac) from 13:50-15:20, on Sunday December 9th at the Hilton Old Town Alexandria in Alexandria, Virginia (1767 King St, Alexandria, VA 22314).

• James Weygand (UCLA): Hemispherically Conjugate Magnetometer Observations
• Martin Connors (Athabasca U) : AUTUMNX Magnetometer Array: Conjugacy with GOES East, Antarctica, and Other Assets
• Shin Ohtani (APL/JHU): The solar zenith angle dependence of the auroral electrojets
• Astrid Maute (NCAR): Forcing the TIEGCM with interhemispheric different AMPERE field-aligned current
• Xueling Shi (VT): Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF
• Zhonghua Xu (VT): Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
• Dan Weimer (VT): A Quick Look at Results From the Antarctic 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian Chain

2018 GEM Session Schedule

There will be two sessions on Friday (June 22). Please note that the afternoon session is a joint session with the focus group “3D Ionospheric Electrodynamics and its impact on MIT coupling (IEMIT)”.

This year, we are encouraging more discussion and discouraging AGU-style presentations, limiting each talk to 3-4 slides focused on results and outstanding questions. If you are interested in presenting interhemispheric studies, please use this signup form at: [Google Form].

Please also note that there will be GEM-CEDAR joint sessions on Saturday (June 23). The second session from 10:30 to 12:00 will cover "Interhemispheric Processes/Symmetries/Asymmetries".

Friday, June 22, 10:30-12:00

• Michael Hartinger: Inter-hemispheric comparisons of current systems with different temporal and spatial scales
• Kristian Snekvik: Why we no longer believe tail reconnection is important for inducing B_Y in the nightside magnetosphere
• Jim LaBelle: How conjugate auroral radio emission observations can contribute to understanding hemispheric asymmetries
• Robert McPherron and James Weygand: Conjugate Delays Using Correlation and Wave Analysis
• Yining Shi: Modes of Field-aligned Currents (FACs) Variability and Their Hemispheric Asymmetry Revealed by Inverse and Assimilative Analysis of Iridium Magnetometer Data
• Shin Ohtani: Local vs. global interhemispheric (seasonal) differences of FACs and precipitation
• Tetsuo Motoba, Asymmetric evolution of interhemispheric conjugate preonset aurora

Friday, June 22, 13:30-15:00 (IEMIT-IHMIC Joint FG Session)

10min is given per talk. We recommend to prepare 7min talk + 3min discussion. You can check the same schedule in the following website. [IEMIT].

• Bob Clauer: Inter-hemispheric Comparisons along the 40-degree magnetic meridian
• Denny Oliveira: GIC induced by interplanetary planetary shocks
• Michelle Salzano: A Statistical Analysis of Interhemispheric Pi1B Seasonal Variations
• Hyunju Connor -Solar wind dynamic pressure impact on high-latitude neutral density enhancement: OpenGGCM-CTIM results
• Doga Ozturk - Modeling of coupled MIT system response to solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement
• Kevin Pham - CMIT-IPWM one way coupling - Thermosphere impact on the magnetosphere
• Open discussions and walk-in presentations