View source for FG: Interhemispheric Approaches to Understand M-I Coupling (IHMIC)

== Focus Group Leaders  ==
* Hyomin Kim, New Jersey Institute of Technology (hmkim@njit.edu)
* Robert Lysak, University of Minnesota
* Tomoko Matsuo, University of Colorado at Boulder


== Focus Group Term ==
* 2018 - 2023 (1 year extended due to the pandemic)

== Focus Group Topic Description and Science Questions ==
The main goal of this focus group is to understand the interhemispheric symmetry/asymmetry in geomagnetic fields and its effects on M-I coupling. Observational and modeling studies have shown the interhemispheric differences which are manifested in various signatures, e.g., large-scale current systems, auroral forms, waves, ion upflow, outflow, particle precipitation, high-latitude convection and thermospheric winds. The focus group addresses questions as to how to incorporate interhemispheric differences and their effects on M-I coupling in observations and modeling/simulations. The overarching science questions that this focus group will be addressing are:
# In what aspect does the asymmetry in geomagnetic fields play a role in M-I coupling?
# How are the interhemispheric differences related to solar wind and geomagnetic activities?
# What are interhemispheric differences in storm and substorm signatures, wave activity and particle precipitation? What controls these differences?
# How do interhemispheric differences in ionospheric conductivity affect solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere? 
# What are effects of the neutral wind dynamo in the application of Ohm's law to ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling?  Does the neutral wind dynamo contribute to the interhemispheric asymmetry in M-I coupling? 


== 2023 GEM Session Schedule ==
'''Session 1, Monday, June 12, 15:30 - 17:00 PDT (Room: Pacific B)'''
(Zoom Link: https://njit-edu.zoom.us/j/4144130087?pwd=UzJKVUt5dG5tSEJlN1Y5TWc3QXBFUT09, Meeting ID: 414 413 0087, Passcode: 7ZyrQM)
* Hyomin Kim/Zhonghua Xu, Intro/Geospace Exploration and Observation with Scientific COllaboration in Polar Regions (GEOSCOPR), towards IPY 2032
* Yue Deng, Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetries in the High-Latitude Electrodynamic Forcing and Impacts on Thermosphere During October 8-9, 2012 Storm
* Nicholas Bartel, Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Field-Aligned Currents Determined by Principal Component Analysis of AMPERE-Iridium NEXT Magnetometer Data
* Tori Wilder, The Atmospheric Electrodynamics probe for THERmal (AETHER) plasma Investigation: Global Observations of Electron Density and Temperature With the Geospace Dynamics Constellation (GDC)
* Matthew Cooper (VIRTUAL), Structured Parallel Bulk Flows Recovered from a Thermodynamic Fitting Study of Van Allen Probes RBSPICE Data
* Niloufar Nowrouzi (VIRTUAL), Interhemispheric Asymmetry in Ionospheric O+ and H+ Outflows 
* Ying Zou, Hemispheric symmetry and asymmetry of PMRAFs during a geomagnetic storm
* Marc Lessard, Interhemispheric Asymmetries of Neutral Upwelling and Ion Upflow
* Yining Shi, Interhemispheric asymmetries in large magnetic field residuals between Swarm observations and Earth magnetic field model during non-storm times
* James Weygand, Interhemispheric asymmetry due to IMF By in the cusp SECs and ionospheric current reconfiguration times
* Shin Ohtani (presented by Tetsuo Motoba), Breakdown of Interhemispheric Conjugacy of Auroral beading

'''Session 2 (Joint with GIC and MPEC), Thursday, June 15, 10:30 - 12:00 PDT (Room: Pacific A)'''
* See the GIC session schedule

== 2022 mini-GEM Session Schedule ==
'''GIC-GMAG-IHMIC joint session, Sunday, 11 December, 12:00 - 13:30 CT, Room: Williford B at Hilton Chicago Hotel (720 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago)'''
(Zoom link: https://alaska.zoom.us/j/87956087298?pwd=ZnY2cUExeVFHV0djcmxKOTBUTm9HQT09, Meeting ID: 879 5608 7298, Passcode: 455961)
* Dogacan Ozturk/Xueling Shi: Introduction
* Lisa Winter/Jesse Woodroffe: Agency updates
* Daniel Welling: GIC SSC
* Michael Hartinger: US GMAG board updates
* James Weygand: HDRL/DOIs, data sharing
* Peter Chi: GMAG network challenges
* US GMAG network updates

'''IHMIC session, Sunday, December 11, 13:45 - 15:15 CT, Room: Waldorf at Hilton Chicago Hotel (720 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago)'''
(Webex link: njit.webex.com/meet/hmkim)
* Hyomin Kim, Interhemispheric Observations of High Latitude Ground Responses Under Various Solar Wind Conditions
* Karl Laundal, The relationship between interhemispheric asymmetries in polar ionospheric convection and the magnetic field line footpoint displacement field
* Anthea Coster, Equatorial and Polar Asymmetries –Data and Model Comparisons
* Tomoko Matsuo, Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Field-Aligned Currents Determined by Principal Component Analysis of AMPERE-Iridium NEXT Magnetometer Data
* James Weygand, Interhemispheric symmetry and asymmetry within the cusp spherical elementary currents during large IMF By magnitudes
* Shane Coyle, The 2021 Antarctic Total Eclipse: Ground Magnetometer and GNSS Wave Observations from the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian
* Zhonghua Xu, Interhemispheric ULF Pc5 Correlation Study

== 2022 GEM Session Schedule ==
'''IHMIC/CEDAR Joint Session on Thursday, June 23, 10:30 - 12:00 HST (Room: Alohilani II)'''
(Note the CEDAR session is held at 16:00-18:00 CDT (11:00-13:00 HST)
* Hyomin Kim: Investigation of Deep Polar Cap Dynamics Using an Autonomous Instrument Network 
* Bea Gallardo-Lacourt: Identifying the polar cap boundary location using redline imaging data and DMSP.
* Nithin Sivadas: Uncertainty in solar wind forcing and its relation to saturation of geomagnetic indices
* Asti Bhatt: Wave activity observed at RISR-N during Polar summer
* David Themens: Simplified solar energetic proton ionization and polar cap absorption for the Empirical and Assimilation Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Models (E-/A-CHAIM)
* Leslie Lamarche: The Modified Apex-Rotated Pole (MARP) Coordinate System
* Diana Loucks: Space weather and high-latitude effects: an Academy perspective
* Michael Negale: Using ionospheric data assimilations to model polar cap patch airglow intensities
* Alanah Cardenas-O'Toole: Statistical and event analysis of phase and amplitude scintillations associated with polar cap patches
* Lindsay Goodwin: Utilizing Lomb-Scargle Periodograms and Advanced Radar Techniques to Monitor Polar Cap Density Structures

'''IHMIC/IEMIT Joint Session on Thursday, June 23, 15:30 - 17:00 HST (Room: Alohilani II)'''
* Jone Peter Reistad, "Global dayside reconnection depends on Sign of IMF By when Earth's dipole is tilted"
* Daniel Welling, "Center for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries (CUSIA)" 
* SungJun Noh, "Interhemispheric Propagation of EMIC Waves Occurred by a Series of Foreshock Transient Events" 
* Karl Laundal, "The Relationship Between Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Polar Ionospheric Convection and the Magnetic Field Line Footpoint Displacement Field" 
* Marc Lessard, "Interhemispheric effects on ion upflow and neutral upwelling" 
* Dogacan Ozturk, "Quantification of Interhemispheric Asymmetry" 
* Shane Coyle, "Eclipse Campaign"
* Austin Smith, "Interhemispheric Asymmetries in the Energy Budget of I-T System During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Storm" 

'''IHMIC/GIC Joint Session on Friday, June 24, 10:30 - 12:00 HST (Room: Alohilani II)'''
* Mark Engebretson: Observations of conjugate high latitude geomagnetic disturbances that can cause GICs
* Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic ULF wave response to interplanetary shocks at high latitudes-Case Study
* Hyomin Kim: Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Studies Using the PSWS Magnetometer Network 
* Bob Lysak: Cavity Mode Structure of Pi2 Pulsations
* Martin Archer: What are the ionospheric and ground magnetic signatures of global magnetopause surface modes?
* Simone Di Matteo: Global and local ULF waves in response to solar wind periodic density structures
* Gabby Nowak: Relationship Between Geomagnetic Field Variations and External Drivers Across Different Latitudes and Hemispheres

== 2021 mini-GEM (hybrid) Session Schedule (held jointly with the [https://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawiki/index.php/FG:_3D_Ionospheric_Electrodynamics_and_Its_Impact_on_the_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere_Coupled_System IEMIT] session) == 

Location: Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center (1001 South Peters Street New Orleans, LA 70130) or Zoom

'''Session 1: Sunday, December 12, 14:00 - 15:30 (US Central Time)'''
* Christine Gabrielse - Precipitating Energy Flux, Average Energy, and Hall Auroral Conductance from THEMIS All-Sky-Imagers during Two Substorms: Mesoscale Contributions
* Dillon Gillespie - Diffuse Aurora and Ionospheric Conductance derived from Chorus waves in the inner magnetosphere
* Zihan Wang - COMPASS: a new COnductance Model based on PFISR And SWARM Satellite observations
* Shannon Hill - Capturing Theta Aurora Observations: SWMF Simulation Results
* Yining Shi - Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Large Magnetosphere and Ionosphere Magnetic Field Residuals between Swarm Observations and Earth Magnetic Field Models
* Astrid Maute - Influence of MI and lower atmospheric coupling during a moderate geomagnetic storm
* John Coxon -  The interhemispheric asymmetry in Birkeland currents

'''Session 2: Sunday, December 12, 15:45 - 17:15 (US Central Time)'''
* Agnit Mukhopadhyay - Global Driving of Auroral Precipitation - Balance of Sources
* Mark Engebretson - Interhemispheric conjugacy of magnetic perturbation events that cause GICs
* Yu Hong - Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System During the 8-9 October 2012 Geomagnetic Storm: Multi-Instrumental Observations and GITM Simulations
* Hyomin Kim - Characterization of Interhemispheric Asymmetries Driven by External Drivers
* Sungjun Noh - Interhemispheric Pc 1 wave propagation associated with foreshock transient events during quiet solar wind condition
* Zhonghua Xu - Influence of MI and lower atmospheric coupling during a moderate geomagnetic storm
* Xueling Shi - Multipoint conjugate observations of dayside ULF waves during an extended period of radial IMF
* Marc Hairston - Variations in the Ionospheric Penetration Electric Field During the 2013 St. Patrick’s Day Storm Between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

== 2021 VGEM Session Schedule ==
'''Session 1: Monday, July 26, 1:00 - 2:30 pm (US Eastern Time)'''
* Mark Engebretson - Magnetic Perturbation Events (MPEs) that cause GICs:  Investigating their inherhemispheric conjugacy. 
* Dan Welling - Understanding Asymmetries using the Capabilities Assessment Matrix
* Viacheslav Pilipenko - Electromagnetic fields of magnetospheric ULF disturbances in conjugate ionospheres: Current/voltage dichotomy
* Matthias Foerster - Implications of the Earth's magnetic field asymmetry for the  M-I-T coupling
*  Doga Ozturk/Ilya Kuzichev - Investigating Interhemispheric Asymmetry Across Modeled Ionospheric Parameters
* Mike Hartinger - Planning for the 4 December 2021 Antarctic eclipse
* Christian Bagby-Wright, Asymmetric Effects of Reflected By on Polar Activity
* Anders Ohma - IMF By induced asymmetries and tail reconnection

'''Session 2: Monday, July 26, 3:00 - 4:30 pm (US Eastern Time)'''
* Anthea Coster - Interhemispheric Asymmetries as observed by GNSS TEC 
* Yining Shi - Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Magnetosphere Ionosphere Magnetic Field Residuals Between Swarm Observations and Earth Magnetic Field Models
* Sungjun Noh - Ground signatures associated with HFA/FB 
* Zhonghua Xu - The correlation study of ULF wave responses on the ground under different interplanetary shock conditions
*  Sarah Vines - Probing Interhemispheric Asymmetries in the Birkeland Currents with AMPERE
* John Coxon - The interhemispheric asymmetry in Birkeland currents
* James Weygand - Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the Cusp Spherical Elementary Currents
* Delores Knipp - Hemispheric Asymmetries in derived DMSP Poynting Flux
* Ivan Pakhotin - Northern Preference for Poynting Flux Input into the Dayside and Nightside Ionosphere

== 2020 mini-VGEM Session Schedule == 
'''Thursday, January 21, 2021 10:00 am - 12:00 pm (US Eastern Time)'''

Overarching questions for this session:
# How can the level of asymmetry be quantified from various observations and modeling results?
# What will be the next step forward in understanding interhemispheric MI coupling?
# What type of research from other sub-disciplines could be helpful to close the gap in our understanding of interhemispheric MI coupling?

Presentation List:
* Hyomin Kim, Interhemispheric Asymmetries in High-Latitude M-I Coupling Processes: Magnetic field Perturbations, Currents and Convection
* Sungjun Noh, Interhemispheric Ground Responses to Hot Flow Anomalies    
* Astrid Maute, MI coupling considering interhemispheric asymmetries: ionospheric perspective
* Ramon Lopez, The Center for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries: Research Focus and Future plans
* Claudia Stolle, Characteristics of auroral field-aligned current viewed by different missions (GRACE-FO, DMSP, i.a.)
* Robert Strangeway, Interhemispherical Asymmetries in Radial Currents Observed at Low Altitudes by AMPERE During a Geomagnetic Storm
* Anthea Coster, Joseph Huba, Stan Sazykin, and Richard Wolf, Model-Data Exploration of Hemispherical Asymmetries in the Magnetosphere /Ionosphere System
* Michael Hartinger, Inter-hemispheric Comparisons during High-Latitude Solar Eclipses

== 2020 VGEM Session Schedule == 
All sessions will take place virtually on Zoom. Please log into the [https://www.vgem2020.com/ VGEM website] to get access to the sessions.
We will try the traditional way for Q/A by using your own mic/speaker. Use Zoom to "raise your hand" to ask questions. 

'''Thursday, July 23, 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm (US Eastern Time)'''
* Dan Welling, CUSIA: The Center for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries
* Mark Engebretson, Interhemispheric comparisons of large nighttime magnetic perturbation events relevant to GICs
* Bob Lysak, Quarter wave modes: Variation of the conductance ratio
* Zhonghua Xu, Interhemispheric ULF comparison related to Interplanetary shocks
* Ray Lopez and Bob Strangeway, The Center for Understanding Interhemispheric Asymmetries Initial Event Studies



'''Thursday, July 23, 3:00 pm - 4:30 pm (US Eastern Time)'''
* James Weygand, Examples of Hemispherically Conjugate Auroral Omega Bands
* Stephan C. Buchert, Sq and Interhemispherically Entangled Dynamos
* Qing-He Zhang Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal insight about coupling processes in the Earth’s magnetotail
* Delores Knipp and Liam Kilcommons, DMSP Poynting Flux in The Auroral Zone and Polar Cap from Both Hemispheres
* Xueling Shi, Interhemispheric Observations of Ground Responses to Upstream Transients
* Yu Hong, Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in high-latitude I-T system: GITM simulations

== 2019 mini-GEM Session Schedule ==
Location: Holiday Inn-Golden Gateway, 1500 Van Ness Ave, San Francisco, CA. Time: 12:00 - 13:30 

* Bob Lysak, Numerical Investigation of Quarter-Wave Modes
* Zhonghua Xu, Inter-hemispheric comparison of ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: Shock impact angle versus timing and intensities of ground magnetic response
* Bob Clauer, PRIC project update
* Thom Edwards, Recent Events from DTU's Magnetometer Program and Our Role in Interhemispheric Comparisons
* Thom Edwards, Incidence of Alfvenic SC pulse (1-2 slides from Slava Pilipenko)
* Yining Shi, Event study of field-aligned currents (FACs) and their interhemispheric asymmetries revealed by assimilative analysis of AMPERE magnetic perturbation data
* KathrynR. Kirkevold (presented by Thom Edwards), Interhemispheric Comparisons of Large Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events
* James Weygand, The Response of Field Aligned Currents to Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field

== 2019 GEM Session Schedule ==
'''Monday, June 24, 3:30 pm - 5:00 pm (Room: Lumpkins Ballroom)'''
* Denny Oliveira: Asymmetric satellite orbital drag effects during magnetic storms
* Zhonghua Xu: Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
* Brain Anderson: Update on simultaneous northern and southern hemisphere measures of latitudes and intensities of Birkeland currents from AMPERE
* Shini Ohtani: Dependence of the auroral electrojet intensity on the solar illumination and dipole tilt
* Christine Gabrielse: The difference between meso-scale flow speeds between summer and winter hemispheres
* Tetsuo Motoba: Asymmetric SC/Pc5 amplitudes at the Syowa–Iceland conjugate pair
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc) 

'''Tuesday, June 25, 10:30 am - 12:00 pm (joint session with the [http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_Testing_Proposed_Links_between_Mesoscale_Auroral_and_Polar_Cap_Dynamics_and_Substorms MAPS] session, Room: Lumpkins Ballroom)'''
* Toshi Nishimura: Magnetospheric source and inter-hemispheric conjugacy of STEVE arc
* Larry Lyons: Outstanding questions on the role of meso-scale flow channels in the coupled M-I system
* Anders Ohma: How asymmetries in geospace evolve during increased tail reconnection
* Mike Hartinger: Possible experiments/observational campaigns to explore IH asymmetries during the upcoming 2020/2021 southern hemisphere solar eclipses
* Shane Coyle: An experimental approach to inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response of magnetospheric ULF waves
* Discussion on asymmetry issues and community input (campaign(s), future Antarctic project(s), etc) 

'''Wednesday (June 26) 10:30 am - 12:00 pm (joint session with the [http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_ULF_Wave_Modeling%2C_Effects%2C_and_Applications UMEA] and [http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_Dayside_Kinetic_Processes_in_Global_Solar_Wind-Magnetosphere_Interaction DAYS] sessions, Room: Santa Fe )'''
* 10:30-10:35  Tom Elsden: Session introduction and goals
* 10:35-10:50  Ferdinand Plaschke: An overview of dayside transients causing ULF waves
*10:50-11:00  Tom Elsden: 3D ULF wave modeling with MHD
* 11:00-11:10  Boyi Wang: A statistical investigation of the role of magnetosheath high-speed jets in triggering magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves
* 11:10-11:20 Bob Lysak: Modeling ionospheric conductance and ground magnetic fields
* 11:20-11:30 Xueling Shi: Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF
* 11:30-11:40  Michael Hartinger: Localized magnetopause surface wave activity and modeling challenges
* 11:40-12:00  Discussion: Tackle questions arising from talks as well as current and future science goals

== 2018 Mini-GEM Schedule ==
The session took place in Room 5 (Potomac) from 13:50-15:20, on Sunday December 9th at the Hilton Old Town Alexandria in Alexandria, Virginia (1767 King St, Alexandria, VA 22314). 
* James Weygand (UCLA): Hemispherically Conjugate Magnetometer Observations
* Martin Connors (Athabasca U) : AUTUMNX Magnetometer Array: Conjugacy with GOES East, Antarctica, and Other Assets
* Shin Ohtani (APL/JHU): The solar zenith angle dependence of the auroral electrojets
* Astrid Maute (NCAR): Forcing the TIEGCM with interhemispheric different AMPERE field-aligned current 
* Xueling Shi (VT): Conjugate Observations of ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF
* Zhonghua Xu (VT): Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the ground magnetic response to interplanetary shocks: The role of shock impact angle
* Dan Weimer (VT): A Quick Look at Results From the Antarctic 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian Chain


== 2018 GEM Session Schedule ==
There will be two sessions on Friday (June 22). Please note that the afternoon session is a joint session with the focus group “3D Ionospheric Electrodynamics and its impact on MIT coupling (IEMIT)”. 

This year, we are encouraging more discussion and discouraging AGU-style presentations, limiting each talk to 3-4 slides focused on results and outstanding questions. If you are interested in presenting interhemispheric studies, please use this signup form at: [[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfG9PTUiB79hFRnmy_IZez-bk6-uzrMpkJOxNcqFk4AS-D9jw/viewform?usp=sf_link| Google Form]].

Please also note that there will be GEM-CEDAR joint sessions on Saturday (June 23). The second session from 10:30 to 12:00 will cover "Interhemispheric Processes/Symmetries/Asymmetries". 

'''Friday, June 22, 10:30-12:00'''
* Michael Hartinger: Inter-hemispheric comparisons of current systems with different temporal and spatial scales
* Kristian Snekvik: Why we no longer believe tail reconnection is important for inducing B_Y in the nightside magnetosphere 
* Jim LaBelle: How conjugate auroral radio emission observations can contribute to understanding hemispheric asymmetries
* Robert McPherron and James Weygand: Conjugate Delays Using Correlation and Wave Analysis
* Yining Shi: Modes of Field-aligned Currents (FACs) Variability and Their Hemispheric Asymmetry Revealed by Inverse and Assimilative Analysis of Iridium Magnetometer Data
* Shin Ohtani: Local vs. global interhemispheric (seasonal) differences of FACs and precipitation
* Tetsuo Motoba, Asymmetric evolution of interhemispheric conjugate preonset aurora

'''Friday, June 22, 13:30-15:00 (IEMIT-IHMIC Joint FG Session)'''

10min is given per talk. We recommend to prepare 7min talk + 3min discussion. You can check the same schedule in the following website. [[http://gem.epss.ucla.edu/mediawikiwiki/index.php/FG:_3D_Ionospheric_Electrodynamics_and_Its_Impact_on_the_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere_Coupled_System#2018_GEM_Workshop_-_updated_on_Jun_18.2C_2018?usp=sf_link| IEMIT]].

*Bob Clauer: Inter-hemispheric Comparisons along the 40-degree magnetic meridian
*Denny Oliveira: GIC induced by interplanetary planetary shocks
*Michelle Salzano: A Statistical Analysis of Interhemispheric Pi1B Seasonal Variations
*Hyunju Connor -Solar wind dynamic pressure impact on high-latitude neutral density enhancement: OpenGGCM-CTIM results
*Doga Ozturk - Modeling of coupled MIT system response to solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement
*Kevin Pham - CMIT-IPWM one way coupling - Thermosphere impact on the magnetosphere
*Open discussions and walk-in presentations